The Daily Bleed's Anarchist Timeline...
Anarchist Time Line 4200+ Dates & Events
Use 'em or lose 'em...
Part 3, 1918-1939, 1038 dates
Pre-1895 | 1895-1917 | 1918-1939 | 1940-Present
[Timeline updated February 2008, excerpted from the Daily Bleed Calendar, adds 980+ dates since March of 2006]
[1- 14 -1918] -- US: The Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of the selective service law, affirming all criminal charges arising from non-compliance with the draft.
On January 28th the Court mandates the return of Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman to fulfill their prison sentences. On January 30th, from Petrograd, in Russia, the US ambassador notifies the State Department of Russian anarchists threatening to hold him personally responsible for Goldman's & Berkman's safety in prison.
[1- 19 -1918] -- Spain: Rosa Laviña Carreras, anti-fascist militant, cenetista, lives.
Vivísimas Pinceladas
A member of Juventudes Libertarias during the Spanish Revolution, forced into exile in 1939, Rosa winds up in the French concentration camp Argelés-south-Mer. After World War II she participates in clandestine activities in solidarity with the prisoners of Franco. Rosa appears in Susana Koska's film, Mujeres en pie de guerra (Women on a War Footing; NY Times Critic's Pick 2004), along with María Salvo, Sara Berenguer, Rosa Díaz, Neus Català & the sisters Carme & Merçona Puig Antich. Source: http://www.alasbarricadas.org/ateneovirtual/index.php/19_de_enero |
One of the many women whose currency is utopía, Rosa is the daughter of the anarchist bookseller Martí Laviña. |
At a rally of 10,000 workers in Munich, the anarchist poet/playwright
Erich Mühsam
calls for the continuation of the strike movement.
He is seized afterwards by police & put under house arrest.http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/MuhsamErich.htm
[Details / context]
[3- 18 -1918] -- US: Mexican anarchist Ricardo Flores Magón is arrested for the final time on March 18, 1918 under the Espionage Act.
He is charged with hindering the American war effort with his ideas, & imprisoned in the federal penitentiary of Leavenworth, causing outrage at the time among both Mexicans & even US liberals.
Meanwhile Minneapolis is the scene of the first so-called "Slacker Raid," a dragnet of men without draft cards.
During WWI, the raids will seize more than 40,000 non-registrants across the country ( On July 15th, 1919, the US War Department announces it has classified more than 337,000 American men as "draft dodgers.")
http://cinepad.com/reviews/slacker.htm
[4- 1 -1918] --
US: During this month the final issue of "Mother Earth Bulletin" produced; future publication is made impossible by ongoing government seizures.
Today Harry Weinberger meets with the assistant superintendent of prisons in Washington, D.C., to complain about government tampering & confiscation of Emma Goldman's mail.
Also this month, the Ferrer Center (see Modern School) in New York closes.
The anarchist party is the most active, the most militant of the opposition groups & probably the most popular.... The Bolsheviks are anxious.
| The car is seized in an effort to effect the release of political prisoners & trade union militants imprisoned in America. This action serves as a pretext for the Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka, to mount a sweeping attack on the anarchists on the night of April 11.
|
Emma is granted permission to write two letters every week, in addition to letters to Harry Weinberger. Contemplates writing about the situation of women in prison. Receives news that William Marion Reedy & attorney Clarence Darrow are interested in the League for the Amnesty of Political Prisoners, but believe that nothing can be done until after the war. Anticipating orders for her deportation, Emma begins investigating her citizenship status. Following suspension of the Mother Earth Bulletin, her niece Stella Ballantine publishes a mimeographed newsletter, Instead of a Magazine.
Molinari was a militant, active with Errico Malatesta & Camillo Berneri, in the Italian anarchist movement.
http://www.epdlp.com/escritor.php?id=1775http://www.chansonrebelle.com/chanteurs/caussimon.htm
I do not want to be a poet...
I try to write songs!
Jean-Roger Caussimon est un très grand poète.
Léo Ferré a bien de la chance de l'avoir rencontré !— Charles Trenet
Les délégués sont réunis dans le but de définir un programme commun de luttes et d'organisation pour lutter contre les ennemis de la révolution et de la classe ouvrière actuellement sous la triple menace des gouvernements étrangers, de la réaction intérieure (armées blanches) et de la dictature bolchevique.
The industrial resolution accuses the government of "betraying the working class with its suppression of workers' control in favour of such capitalist devices as one - man management, labour discipline & the employment of 'bourgeois' engineers & technicians. By forsaking the Factory Committees - the beloved child of the great workers' revolution - for those 'dead organisations', the trade unions, & by substituting decrees & red tape for industrial democracy, the Bolshevik leadership was creating a monster of 'state capitalism', a bureaucratic Behemoth, which it ludicrously called socialism." http://ytak.club.fr/aout4.html#panrusse
A federal order in council declared that while Canada was engaged in war, 14 organizations were to be considered unlawful, including the IWW. Penalty for membership was set at five years in prison.
April 2, 1919 the ban on the IWW was lifted. Two branches were formed in Toronto & Kitchener.
By 1923 IWW had three branches with job control in Canada: Lumberworkers IU 120 & Marine Transport Workers IU 510 in Vancouver & an LWIU branch in Cranbrook BC for a total of 5,600 members.
1924 marked a peak year for the IWW in Canada. 8,000 in Northern Ontario, the Canadian Lumber Workers vote to join the IWW. On January 1, 1924, IWW Lumber Workers IU120 struck the British Columbia lumber owners, calling for an 8 hour day with blankets supplied, minimum wage of $4 per day, release of all class war prisoners, no discrimination against IWW members & no censuring of IWW literature. Fighting a mandatory dues check off to the United Mine Workers, Alberta Coal miners joined the IWW in 1924.
http://infoshop.org/texts/iww.html
http://www.iww.org/
"Red Bavaria" Revolution. Workers revolt. The Bavarian monarchy is overthrown & a Republic is declared by the Socialist Kurt Eisner, who becomes its president.
Eisner proposes a ministry position to the anarchist Erich Mühsam. Muhsam refused, preferring to fight, along with Gustav Landauer, Ernst Toller, Ret Marut (better known as the novelist B. Traven), & others, for the development of Workers' Councils & self-managed co-operatives.
The Munich Soviet (or "Council Republic") of 1919 exhibited certain features of the TAZ, even though — like most revolutions — its stated goals were not exactly "temporary." Gustav Landauer's participation as Minister of Culture along with Silvio Gesell as Minister of Economics & other anti-authoritarian & extreme libertarian socialists such as the poet/playwrights Erich Mühsam & Ernst Toller, & Ret Marut (B. Traven), gave the Soviet a distinct anarchist flavor. Landauer, who had spent years of isolation working on his grand synthesis of Nietzsche, Proudhon, Kropotkin, Stirner, Meister Eckhardt, the radical mystics, & the Romantic volk-philosophers, knew from the start that the Soviet was doomed; he hoped only that it would last long enough to be understood.
![]()
Denn in der Poesie sind
Worte und Begriffe das
Instrument, das uns zur
Musik führt, -zum
Rhythmus, zum
Unsagbaren, das in uns
einschwingt und uns
mitschwingen läßt.Ernst Toller, playwright, became chairman of the Central Council of the farmer & soldier, & leader of a Red Army.
— Peter Lamborn Wilson
Ausgeschert aus Reih' und Glied.
Mein Leben als Bücherfreund und Anarchist
http://www.bibliothekderfreien.de/ver-alt2.htmlKurt Wafner, geboren am 29. November 1918, hat vier Staatsformen erlebt: die "Goldenen Zwanziger," den braunen Terror, die rote Diktatur und die heutige "real existierende" Demokratie - aber keine hat ihn zum Jubeln gebracht. Geriet er unter Zwang, drängte es ihn auszuscheren aus Reih' und Glied.
It is in literature itself that Randolph Bourne appears most unforgettably, in a haunting stanza from 1919 (1932), centerpiece of the U.S.A. trilogy by John Dos Passos:
This little sparrowlike man,
tiny twisted bit of flesh in a black cape,
always in pain & ailing,
put a pebble in his sling,
& hit Goliath squarely in the forehead with it.
. . . If any man has a ghost,
Bourne has a ghost,
a tiny twisted unscared ghost in a black cloak
hopping along the grimy old brick & brownstone streets
still left in downtown New York,
crying out in a shrill soundless giggle:War is the health of the State.
Trotsky, pretender to the throne, already had ordered his execution, & Voline escaped death only by sheer accident...
Tunney also recounts his investigation of Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman in connection with the Hindu revolutionary Har Dayal. He claims Goldman & Berkman are close associates of Leon Trotsky. He describes Goldman as "a very able & intelligent woman & a very fine speaker."
Not bad for a flatfoot; he got the last part right.
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/gadar.html
http://www.corpse.org/issue_5/critical_urgencies/elias.htm
See Alexander Skirda's Makhno, le cosaque de l'anarchie.
http://ytak.club.fr/octobre4.html#27
http://www.nestormakhno.info/
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/MakhnoNestor.htm
|
1919 - Fabric workers' strike, in Medellín, Colombia, with the worker Betsabé Espinoza as director & negotiator. Women's "swarms" are formed to protect strikers from police attacks. http://www.alasbarricadas.org/ateneovirtual/index.php/14_de_febrero |
B. Traven (The Death Ship; The Treasure of the Sierra Madres, etc):
http://hemsidor.torget.se/users/c/Chilli/BTintro.htm
http://usuarios.lycos.es/jhbadbad/traven.html
Erich Muhsam:
http://web.hamline.edu/personal/jgeorge/erich.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_M%C3%BChsam
Gustav Landauer:
http://www.anarchismus-gustav-landauer.de/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Landauer
http://www.bdp.de/utopie.htm
[2- 23 -1919] -- Portugal: "A Batalha" premiers, the second daily newspaper in the country, published by the anarcho-syndicalist CGT (the General Confederation of Workers in Portugal comprised of 150,000 workers). It prints 25,000 copies a day before being suppressed after the military coup d'etat of 1926. It reappears on April 25, 1974 (with the fall of the dictatorship), but never regaining the influence which it exerted in the Twenties.
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/07ref.htm#25/1927
http://www.fdca.it/fdcapt/index.htm
See Heroes & Martyrs: Emma Goldman, Sacco & Vanzetti, & the Revolutionary Struggle, an audio CD by Howard Zinn.
http://www.torremaggiore.com/saccoevanzetti/storia.html
http://infoshop.org/page/Sacco-Vanzetti
Following the triumph of the CNT in the recent "Canadian strike," the Civil Governor, in collusion with the employer's association, determined to use any method to crush the union. Constitutional guarantees were suspended & again the cenetistas were persecuted & jailed. Thus, too, is Miguel Burgos murdered.
"Ley de fugas" "Ley de fugas" (law of escape) was applied frequently in Spain to union militants, who are taken to jail under any pretext, then "set free" — only to be shot down moments later as "escapees." The beauty for the police was its simplicity & cover of legality.
By 1923 IWW had three branches with job control in Canada: Lumberworkers IU 120 & Marine Transport Workers IU 510 in Vancouver & an LWIU branch in Cranbrook BC for a total of 5,600 members.
1924 marked a peak year for the IWW in Canada. 8,000 in Northern Ontario, the Canadian Lumber Workers vote to join the IWW. On January 1, 1924, IWW Lumber Workers IU120 struck the British Columbia lumber owners, calling for an 8-hour day with blankets supplied, minimum wage of $4 per day, release of all class war prisoners, no discrimination against IWW members & no censuring of IWW literature. Fighting a mandatory dues check off to the United Mine Workers, Alberta Coal miners joined the IWW in 1924.
In German, see
http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~roehrigw/schmitt/text4.htm
In Spanish, http://www.patriagrande.net/uruguay/eduardo.galeano/memoria.del.fuego/19190410.htm
http://www.ingeb.org/songs/emiliano.html
Founded in Lausanne by the anarchist pediatrist Jean Wintsch & Emile Durand, inspired by "l'Escuela moderna" of Francisco Ferrer.The school accomodated about 30 boys & girls. It was supported by about 15 trade unions & with personal donations (especially from Russian refugees). It was also favorably received by "Réveil" & the libertarian press in general. In 1911, Paul Robin bequeathed to the school most of the teaching equipment used at Cempuis.
Unfortunately WWI & the dissension following publication of the "Proclamation of the 16" (Proclamation of Seize/Manifesto of the Sixteen), which Wintsch adhered to, resulted in his withdrawal from activism & the school's closure in April 1919.
See Jean Wintsch – Une Révocation, une école (Lausanne: Société de l’école Ferrer, 1910)
Source: http://ytak.club.fr/novembre1.html#ecoleferrerlausanne
During this month Emma emphatically rejects Ben Reitman's request to visit her in prison.
Also this month & next, mail bombs purportedly sent to Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer & other prominent officials gain media attention. Government agents wrongly implicate Emma & Alexander Berkman in the 'conspiracy'.
That'll teach 'em to get their anarchists straight.
En fait une machination politico-judiciaire qui se clôt par un acquittement général, après un impressionnant discours (de 2 heures) que Bertoni prononce pour sa défense.
http://ytak.club.fr/juin1.html#procesbertoni
[6- 4 -1919] -- Ukraine: Marxism vs. the working classes: the 4th (Ukrainian) Congress of Free Soviets, to which rank & file members of the Red Army have been invited to send representatives, is banned by Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Leon Trotsky. Bolshevist troops are sent to destroy the Rosa Luxemburg Commune near Provkovski & the Ukrainian anarchist insurgent Nestor Makhno is declared an outlaw.
[Source: Calendar Riots]
[6- 5 -1919] -- US: 67 anarchists are arrested & face deportation in the wake of a bomb explosion marking the beginning of the famous "Palmer raids." (See June 2).
[6- 14 -1919] -- Russia: Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Trotsky, chief of the Red Army (aka The "Red Butcher" of Kronstadt), drafts an order banning the Makhnovist (anarchist) Congress, accusing them of opposing Soviet power in the Ukraine. Trotsky calls for the arrest of the delegates.[Details / context]
[6- 15 -1919] -- Bulgaria: Founding of the Federation of Anarchist Communists of Bulgaria (F.A.C.B.), in Sofia, June 15-17th. Federation members included Ivan Nicolov, one of its most popular speakers & polemicists, & Gueorgui Cheitanov, a popular speaker & guerrilla. (Both were murdered by the fascist government in 1925.) The Federation published the theoretical review, "Free Society."
[Source: Le Libertaire Chronologie]
http://www.anarkismo.net/newswire.php?story_id=2526
[6- 24 -1919] -- US: Following an attack on the house of Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Attorney General Palmer on June 2, 1919, the Italian anarchist Luigi Galleani & collaborators on the newspaper "Cronaca Sovversiva" are expelled from the country.
[6- 27 -1919] --US: Emma Goldman celebrates her 50th birthday in prison. Especially touched that William Shatoff sends her a bouquet of flowers from Russia.
[7- 2 -1919] --US: An amnesty conference scheduled to take place in Chicago July 2-4 is canceled, much to the disappointment of Emma Goldman, who remains in prison for her anti-war activities. During this month Kate Richards O'Hare begins to type Emma's weekly dictated letters.
[7- 12 -1919] -- Germany: The anarchist Erich Mühsam, on trial in Munich since July 7 for High Treason, is sentenced to 15 years in prison for his involvement in Bavarian Workers' Councils uprising.Also involved in the uprising were Gustav Landauer (murdered by soldiers), the novelist B. Traven, & Ernst Toller.
[7- 17 -1919] -- Spain: Militant cenetista Pablo Sabater Lliró (aka "El Tero") is assassinated by a rightwing band of pistoleros controlled by the Barcelona police chief Bravo Portillo.35-year-old Sabater was president of the Barcelona Dyers Union (CNT) which had just carried out a strike. He is one of the first victims of the business owner's terrorism, employing gangs of thugs to murder anyone they deem troublesome, which breaks out in earnest at the beginning of the Twenties.
Two months from now, in retaliation, Portillo is assassinated. Police found a cap dropped by the culprits, but witnesses refuse to identify them:
The sombrero is not recognized.
http://www.manelaisa.com/texto/Articulos/PagArticulos9.htm
http://www.lisergia.net/quebelloesvivir/estadodecoma/pistolaobrera.html
[8- 1 -1919] -- Alexander Nakov lives, Kosatcha, Bulgaria. Anarchist militant activist & esperantist.
[8- 16 -1919] -- Spain: Conchita Guillen Bertolin lives (1919-), Alfondseguilla, Valencia. Militant anarchist & member of "Mujeres Libres."Forced into refuge in France with the rout of the Republican forces in 1939. In 1999 she participated in the collected work Mujeres Libres, will luchadoras libertarias, translated into French by the Ascaso-Durruti Center of Montpellier in 2000 & published by Los Solidarios.
[8- 24 -1919] -- Spain: The Gunman of Portillo, Luís Fernández por los Mozos de Escuadra, is arrested. Implicated in the assassination (his car apparently used in the killing) of Alvarez Caparrós, a police honcho. This is during a period of repression against the CNT (the anarchist labor union was shut down & 15,000 "cenetistas" are in prison or in hiding).
[8- 24 -1919] -- Spain: Victor García (Tomás Germinal García Ibars) lives.Infatigable militant anarcho-syndicalist, writer, translator & historian of the international anarchist movement.. Sometimes known as 'the Marco Polo of anarchism' for the length & breadth of his travels Translator (in Castillan) of l'Encyclopédie Anarchiste of Sébastien Faure, author of Antologia del anarcho-sindicalismo,Museihushugi, el anarchismo japonés, Three Japanese Anarchists: Kotoku, Osugi & Yamaga (Kate Sharpley Library, 2000), etc.
http://ytak.club.fr/aout4.html#victorgarcia
[8- 28 -1919] -- US: Seattle mayor demands,"Hang or incarcerate all anarchists for life."
[9- 7 -1919] -- Italy: In Milan 19-year-old Bruno Filippi attempts to set off a bomb at the "Circolo dei Nobili ou au Caffè."Filippi dies in a premature explosion while climbing the steps of the building to the "club of nobles," a meeting place for the richest people of the city. His presumed accomplices, the anarchists Guido Villa, Aldo Perego, Elena Melli & Maria Zibardi, are tried in July 1920 & receive harsh sentences.
http://www.omnipresence.mahost.org/brunofilippi.htm
[9- 12 -1919] --US: Still in prison for opposing the war once opposed by Beloved & Respected Comrade Liberal Leader Woodrow Wilson, the anarchist Emma Goldman is served a warrant for her arrest & deportation; bond set at $15,000.
[9- 24 -1919] -- The Ukrainian Anarchists, seeing themselves about to be caught in Denikin's vise, wheeled, turning suddenly east.They saw only one hope, to break through his lines. Denikin thought the move was a feint or reconnaissance. His principle forces continued chasing Makhno westward, thinking the Anarchists still in retreat.
Never did Denikin's staff dream that Makhno would turn to attack the bulk of the White army...
[9- 25 -1919] -- Russian Revolution: After brutal repression at the hands of the Bolsheviks, Cheka raids on anarchist groups & the banning of the Anarchist Congress by Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Trotsky in June, underground anarchists retaliate by bombing the Communist headquarters in Moscow.http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/russia/sp001861/bolintro.htmlA number of Left Social Revolutionaries & underground anarchists bombed the headquarters of the Moscow Committee of the Communist Party in protest at the growing repression. Twelve Communists were killed & 45 others were wounded.
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/ChernyiLev.htm
[9- 26 -1919] -- Ukraine: After months of retreat, the anarchist Ukrainian Insurrectionary Army, headed by Nestor Makhno, turns on its pursuers & Denikin's forces are routed.
[9- 27 -1919] -- US: Emma Goldman's term of imprisonment at JeffersonCity penitentiary expires; released on bail with orders for deportation pending. Greeted in Jefferson City by mobs of reporters, friends, & niece Stella Ballantine, who accompanies her to Rochester. Stops in Chicago to visit Ben Reitman; meets his wife & child. Alexander Berkman's release from the Atlanta penitentiary follows in a few days, on Oct. 1.
[10- 5 -1919] -- Italy: Giliana Berneri lives (1919-1998), Florence. Second child of Camillo & Giovanna Berneri, sister of Marie Louise Berneri.
Giliana studied medicine & specialized in pediatrics. A militant involved with the French anarchist milieu & worked with "Le Libertaire."
[10- 7 -1919] -- Nicolas Thomassin (1849-1919) dies. French weaver, socialist, anarchist, participant in "Sans patrie" (formed October 18, 1891) with Gustave Bouillard, Pierre Leroux, Paulin Mailfait, etc.
[10- 8 -1919] -- US: General Strike called to demand Tom Mooney's release & amnesty for all political prisoners.American labor agitator Tom Mooney was falsely convicted of a fatal bombing. He is not released until 1939.
Meanwhile, Bureau of Investigation Director & famed cross-dresser J. Edgar Hoover, in NY to review evidence collected for Emma Goldman's deportation, monitors a protest rally this same night. In search of further evidence, Hoover personally pokes around in a storage room leased by the anarchists M. Eleanor Fitzgerald & Ben Reitman.
http://www.shapingsf.org/ezine/labor/mooney/index.html
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1989/LB-N89-VClose2.html
[10- 16 -1919] -- US: Deportation Act to rid US of anarchist aliens. Thousands, including Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman, jailed, sent packing. Harbinger of US government anti-labor & anti-Red attacks in the 1920's when Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader Attorney General Mitchell Palmer & his pal J. Edgar go after impertinent American citizens who suppose they live in the "Land of the Free."
"& you, are you so forgetful of your past, is there no echo in your soul of your poets' songs, your dreamers' dreams, your rebels' calls?"
— Emma Goldman
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Goldman/Writings/Accounts/NYT61617.html
See Aliens & Dissenters: Federal Suppression of Radicals, 1903-1933 by William Preston, Jr.
[10- 16 -1919] --Alexander Berkman & Emma Goldman spend a few days in the country recuperating from harsh prison conditions before beginning work to oppose their deportations. Emma is to appear before immigration authorities at Ellis Island on the 27th & 28th to appeal her deportation order; she claims US citizenship from her marriage to Jacob A. Kersner. On the 31st a benefit theater performance in New York City raises $500 to help them cover the costs of fighting their deportation.
[10- 27 -1919] -- US: Emma Goldman appears before immigration authorities at Ellis Island to appeal her deportation order from the land of the free. She & Alexander Berkman have just recently been freed from prison.![]()
[10- 28 -1919] --US: "Reds" of Various Hue Light Up
Emma Goldman's Cheery 'Coming Out' Party. In [New York] Evening World (Oct. 28, 1919) Reel 63.
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Goldman/Guide/titleindex.html
[11- 1 -1919] --US: Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman send out a 3,000-piece solicitation to raise support for political prisoners, the fight against deportation of aliens, & to announce their proposed lecture tour scheduled to begin at the end of the month.
On the 7th of this month violent raids of the homes of hundreds of "suspected radicals" & labor activists begin in NY City, & across the country some 10,000 suspected communists & anarchists are arrested. Based on a list of 450,000 dissidents compiled by J. Edgar Hoover, in January another crackdown sweeps the country during what is referred to as the "Palmer Raids" during America's first "Red Scare." Ambitious men, with unbridled appetites for power, Hoover & US Attorney General Palmer, both notorious liars & law breakers, soon have the country in a panic, claiming a revolution is planned for May Day.
[11- 2 -1919] -- Laurent Tailhade (1854-1919), French poet, writer, anarchist polemist, opium addict (La noire idole), translator (Satyricon de Pétrone), dies.His first poems were published in 1880, but it was his polemical writings which gained the most attention, being lambasted by the press & a costing him a year in jail for "provoking murder."“What do the victims matter, if the gesture be beautiful?” Tailhade himself was the victim of an anarchist bombing of a restaurant where he chanced to be (April 4, 1894,) & lost an eye.
See also the Daily Bleed, April 16, 1854.http://www.chez.com/robysavia/tailhade.html
http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/t/tailhade.htm
http://ytak.club.fr/avril3.html#16
[11- 7 -1919] -- US: "Palmer's Reign of Terror" begins: 3,000 anarchists imprisoned without bail, Ellis Island in NY harbor, in a "Freedom-loving" nation (just don't try to practice it!).
[11- 15 -1919] -- US: In New York City, the main headquarters of the anarcho-syndicalist I.W.W is torn up & destroyed by agents acting under the US Attorney General Palmer, in his continuing persecution of labor militants, anarchists, radicals, etc. The era of the Palmer Raids (the"Red Scare") ruthlessly foisted upon the public, it should better be called the “White Terror,": government agents illegally breaking into trade-union buildings & peoples homes, meeting halls, arresting militants without cause or charges, seizing or trashing files, destroying fixtures & the buildings.
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre3.html#15
[11- 17 -1919] --US: Emma Goldman speaks at a New York dinner organized by friends of Kate Richards O'Hare.
[11- 18 -1919] -- Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis dies. Elected to office in Amsterdam, as a socialist, in 1891 before giving up politics to adopt the anarchism of Mikhail Bakunin.alt; Michael Bakunin, Michel Bakounine
[11- 19 -1919] -- Brazil: In São Paulo, João Penteado, a teacher & anarchist militant, is ordered to close the Modern School n°1 — open since May 13, 1912 (founded by Neno Vasco, Edgard Leuenroth, Oreste Ristori & Gigi Damiani) — when a bomb explodes (accidental?) in a house, killing four anarchists, including José Alvés, the principal of l'Ecole moderne de São Caetano. alt; Jose Alves; Joao Penteado; Sao Caetano
[11- 20 -1919] -- Liu Shih-p'ei dies, at the early age of 36. Chinese anarchist, involved in the Chinese anarchist movement which emerged in Tokyo about the same time as another important group emerged in Paris, France.Liu Shih-p'ei, his wife Ho Chen, Chang Ping-lin & Chang Chi were leading members of the group in Japan.
[Details / context]
[11- 23 -1919] --US: The anti-war activists & anarchists Alexander Berkman & Emma Goldman begin a short lecture tour in Detroit; today's event is attended by 1,500 people & Emma says 2,000 people had to be turned away for lack of space. Large Jewish audience attends a meeting on Nov. 25.
[11- 25 -1919] -- US: Amid a strike for union recognition by 395,000 steelworkers (ultimately unsuccessful), approximately 250 "anarchists," "communists," & "labor agitators" were deported to Russia yesterday, marking the onset of the so-called "Red Scare."
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Goldman/Guide/chronology2040.htmlThe United States:
"a country where truth is tarred & feathered, lynched, imprisoned, clubbed, & expatriated as undesirable...— George Bernard Shaw (1925)
[11- 25 -1919] -- US: Department of Labor orders antiwar activist & anarchist Alexander Berkman's deportation to Russia. Emma Goldman's deportation order follows on Nov. 29. Their lawyer Weinberger meets in Washington, D.C., with immigration officials, including Anthony Caminetti & Assistant Secretary of Labor Louis F. Post.
[11- 29 -1919] --US: Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman address an audience of 4,500 people in Chicago about their prison experiences.
Tomorrow they address another large crowd. Then, on December 21, a large benefit banquet is held at the Hotel Morrison in Chicago. Emma describes the Detroit & Chicago meetings as "among the most inspiring in our public career." Berkman received his deportation orders from the Land of the Free on the 25th, & Emma receives hers today.
[11- 29 -1919] -- US: Bogalusa Massacre.From: "Gene Lawhorn"
Subject: UBCMEMBERS * Bogalusa Massacre Memorial ResolutionBogalusa, Louisiana Carpenters Memorial Resolution
Whereas; On November 29th of 1919 four union organizers, & officers of Bogalusa UBC local 2203 were murdered while they were working to organize the Great Southern Lumber Company in the offices of the Central Labor Council,
[Full text of the resolution & reference links, test]
Be It Therefore Resolved; That a plot of land as close as possible to the original Central Labor Council be purchased by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters & that a monument be erected in remembrance of Lum Williams, & the other three Union Brothers who were murdered in their attempt to organize workers at the Great Southern Lumber Company...
— Resolution passed at Carpenters local 247 on May 9th (1999?) ... & I am looking for any further information regarding the subject of the Bogalusa massacre that anyone can provide.
Solidarity, Gene Lawhorn Local 247 Portland, Oregon.
how anarchists are made.
Goldman & Berkman appear in federal court before Judge Julius M. Mayer, December 8th, who declares that as aliens, they have no constitutional rights. They remain in detention at Ellis Island & are be kicked out of the "Land of the Free" before month's end, sent to Red Russia on a leaking scow that is in danger of sinking with them & 247 other radicals & labor organizers who are also deported to protect American free speech."THE "Red Ark" will loom big in American history.
It is the first picturesque incident of the beginning effort of the War Millionaires to crush the soul of America & insure the safety of the dollars they have looted over the graves of Europe & through the deaths of the quarter million soldier boys whom American mothers now mourn..."
— Robert Minor, excerpt from the introduction, Deportation, Its Meaning & Menace: Last Message to the People of America by Alexander Berkman & Emma Goldman, Ellis Island, New York, U.S.A., December, 1919.
"Once a Bolshevik parliamentarian by the name of Polonsky was executed at Makhnovist headquarters. Many members of the general staff were unhappy with this.
Voline arrived at the headquarters, & when he heard what had happened he asked: "What does Batko [Makhno] think? If he says it was the right thing to do I won't go into the issue."
Makhno was sitting in the next room & had got tipsy. When he heard his comrades talking he came in & went up to Voline: "So you don't give a damn that a man has just been shot? You don't even ask why he was executed! As long as Batko approves it's alright, huh? But a man can make mistakes, can't he, especially when he's drunk. What do you say to that, eh?"
Voline decided it was prudent not to answer.
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Vanzetti would never have described himself as a fish peddler, "something that he did for less than a year, & that only during the time he was trying to begin the publication of an anarchist journal, Cara Compagna, with his friend Aldino Felicani."— Robert D'Attilio
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/SaccoVanzetti/essayrd.html http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/SaccoVanzetti/chronologyByDAttilio.htm
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Coming from exile England, from Cardiff, Wales, the anarchist Errico Malatesta slips clandestinely back into Tarente (southern Italy) & takes the train for Gènes, where an immense crowd greets his return.
Kropotkin left us a picture of Malatesta's life in exile: |
Through the systematic destruction of its finest radical leadership by big business & royalists, Italy eventually succumbed to fascism.
Malatesta remained in Italy, under house arrest, until he died.
Authorities ordered his body thrown into a common grave. |
Germany: On the initiative of Rudolf Rocker, the founding Congress of F.A.U.D. (Freie Arbeiter Union Deutschland), free union of the German workers, is held in Berlin, from the 27th-30th.Arthur Lehning & Augustin Souchy are among the founders, along with Rocker. FAUD declares itself anarchist-syndicalist — opposed to both the State & to parliamentarism.It eventually counts 125,000 members.
Thugs with badges break down doors, destroy personal property, printing presses, books, etc. Palmer orders Justice Department raids on meeting halls & homes in 30 cities nationwide.
None of the 2,700 people arrested are charged with any explicit crime. In all, more than 6,000 are arrested.
"The war bowed to a hundred repressive acts. They have become slaves to the government. They are frightened at the excesses in Russia. They are docile; & they will not recover from being so for many years... In the end, of course, there will be a revolution, but it will not come in my time."
— Hiram Johnson, former Governor of California
Shortly after the famous Vitameatavegamin episode aired, Ball appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee during the next big Red Scare because she had registered as a Communist in 1936. She explained that it was to please her grandfather.
Palmer, in coordination with Justice Department agent J. Edgar Hoover & immigration commissioner Anthony Caminetti, orders the arrest of approximately 10,000 alien radicals. US Bureau of Investigation carries out nationwide Palmer Raids. Federal agents seize labor leaders & literature in the hopes of discouraging labor activity. A number of citizens are turned over to state officials for prosecution under various anti-anarchy statutes.
[1- 6 -1920] -- José Lluís Facerias, the ‘implacable fighter,’ lives. Spanish anarchist guerrilla. (Josep Lluís i Facerias, aka Petro or Petronio Face [1920-1957].)
[1- 7 -1920] -- England: Albert Meltzer lives (1920-1996), Tottenham, London. Militant anarchist, historian, publisher.
http://www.katesharpleylibrary.net/meltzer.htm
http://ytak.club.fr/mai1.html#7
[1- 17 -1920] -- Italy: Luigi Galleani & Raffaele Schiavina begin publishing their anarchist paper, N°1 of "Cronaca Sovversiva," in Turin. Galleani began the paper in the US in 1903, but he & other "Cronaca Sovversiva" supporters were deported on June 24, 1919.
[1- 17 -1920] -- Finland: S.S. Buford, full of labor activists, anarchists & radicals kicked out of the Land of the Free, lands at Hangö. On January 19 the deportees are met at the Russo-Finnish border by Russian representatives & received warmly at a mass meeting of soldiers & peasants in Belo-Ostrov.
http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/digital/redscare/HTMLCODE/SUBJECTS/SUBJECTS.HTM
[2- 1 -1920] --
Russia: During this month Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman settle in Petrograd where they renew their friendships with William Shatoff, now working as Commissar of Railroads, & John Reed.
They also meet with Grigory Zinoviev, director of the Soviet Executive Committee, & briefly with Maxim Gorki at his home in Petrograd.
They attend a conference of anarchists, including Baltic factory workers & Kronstadt sailors, who echo criticisms of the Bolsheviks voiced by Left Social Revolutionaries & others who have paid visits to Berkman & Goldman in this period.
Emma Goldman Papers
http://www.katesharpleylibrary.net/bulletin/featured0705.htm
http://www.irlandeses.org/dilab_creaghej.htm
http://www.irlandeses.org/cathain.htm
http://struggle.ws/talks/history_anr_irl.html
http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier3.html#creaghe
http://libertaire.org/article132.html
1789-1989: Revolutionary Song in France
Chants révolutionnaires
http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier4.html#paillette