Mass meetings were held in the Great Assembly Hall in Mile End & in the Wonderland in Whitechapel, attended by thousands, sometimes five, six, seven thousand. Not Jewish & unable to read Yiddish, little did Rocker suspect that in a few short years he would be editor of "Arbeter Fraint" & immersed in the movement for the next 20 years.

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"Was that story immoral?" asks the court.

"It was much worse than immoral," Wilde replies. "It was badly written."

http://www.bibliomania.com/0/2/57/frameset.html

http://struggle.ws/ws98/ws53_wilde.html

Joseph Conrad's The Secret Agent … [constructs] anarchism as a form of fraudulent self-deception symptomatic of a widespread social degeneracy in British society. The...novel's ambivalent engagement with Nietzsche, showing how through a dialogue with Nietzschean intertexts anarchism is constructed as a form of religious fanaticism that is connected with the dangers of both foreign imperialism & the lower classes.

4 mai.- Premier numéro du journal de l'anarchiste Jean Grave, "Les Temps Nouveaux".

See "A Visit to L'Anarchie," by Émile Armand in the Stan Iverson Memorial Library,
http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/index.html

http://www.web.net/blackrosebooks/jean.htm
http://increvablesanarchistes.org/articles/avan1914/tempsnouveaux.htm

"The Italian-American anarchists from Paterson, the city that the press described as ‘anarchy’s capital’ & where there was indeed a massive anarchist presence, when you think that "La Questione Sociale" was a massive weekly with a print run of 15,000 copies!"

[ Source: Max Nettlau, Errico Malatesta ]
http://flag.blackened.net/ksl/bullet26.htm#Galzerano

Only anarchist geographer I know of who has a wine dedicated in his honor,
Cuvee Elisée

Henri Beylie & illustrator Emile Gravelle are its prime movers, & contributors include Henri Zisly & René Chaughi. A somewhat irregular monthly, after its 19-20th number in 1898, it merges with "Le Naturien".

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#1

Emma lectures on "Political Justice in England & America," highlighting Alexander Berkman's case & she meets Peter Kropotkin & Errico Malatesta, among others. German police authorities monitor Goldman's movements in London, prepared to arrest her if she enters Germany. Tomorrow Goldman travels to Scotland; delivers successful lectures in Glasgow, Edinburgh, & Maybole.

[9- 20 -1895] -- Italy: A successful protest movement leads to the amnesty of Luigi Molinari.

A military tribunal, on January 31, 1894, condemned Molinari to 23-years imprisonment for instigating an insurrection in Lunigiana, where anarchist bands armed themselves in support of the Sicilian victims of a "State of Siege" (a repressive attempt to put down revolts against increased flour prices).

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2ème Couplet
"Assez de républiques,
Assez de rois et d'empereurs;
Au diable envoyons cette clique
D'assassins, fourbes et voleurs. (bis)
Plus de généraux, de ministres,
De juges, de représantants,
Aux mains souillées de notre sang,
Peuples, balayez tous ces cuistres."

Refrain
"Aux armes, travailleurs,
Sus à nos exploiteurs,
Frappons, frappons,
L'autorité.
Règne l'égalité."

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In 1918 Lucia published her first poems, & joined the "Ultraïsmo" literary movement. In 1936, with Mercedes Comaposada & Amparo Poch y Gascon, she founded Mujeres Libres (Free Women) which publishes, from May 1936, a review of the same name.

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An antifascist & anarchist militant, Barbieri successively fled to Argentina, Brazil, France, Switzerland & Spain, in his fight against the fascists. During the Spanish Revolution in 1936 he joined the Italian column fighting in Huesca.

While hospitalized in Barcelona in May 1937 Barbieri is arrested by cops under command of the Communists & his body is found full of bullet holes the next day, along with that of Camillo Berneri.

Unfortunately he remains mostly unknown outside Chile. IWW member, anarcosindicalista, considered an important anarchist leader in the post-WWI period.

Manuel Rojas worked for Chilean comic books published by Zig Zag & Quimantú during the 1960s & 1970s. He cooperated on several western series for Far West, including 'Ray Hunter', 'Ronnie Lea, el Muertero' & 'Curiosidades del Oeste'. He was also present in Jungla & El Siniestro Dr. Mortis.

Father of Maria Eugenia Rojas (wife of the communist & academic leader of the University of Chile, Fernando Ortiz Letelier, detained & disappeared by the government.)

http://www.angelfire.com/nj/poesia/prznac/mrojas.html

The Home Colony was a peculiar combination of communism & anarchism, organized by a group who had already been in the Glennis Co-operative Industrial Company, a Bellamy colony. It was quite as successful as the others of its time. Private homesites were limited to two acres. Members were carefully chosen. There were about 150 members. Great stress was laid on individual liberty & non-resistance. There was a high degree of mutuality, though more unorganized & undirected than in any other colony. There seems to have been less internal friction here than in most colonies. Financial troubles led to disbanding after about 10 years.

See the Stan Iverson Archives, http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/HomeColony.htm

Emma earns a meager living as a midwife & nurse, witnessing the plight of many women suffering from unwanted pregnancies....& is active on many other fronts as well.

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Emma had helped to arrange lectures for the English anarchist & labor leader, whose visit gives Goldman the opportunity to gain experience addressing English-speaking audiences.

(Turner was eventually arrested (1903) & booted out of the country for his anarchist views.)

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Three aspects made him famous in his day: his activities as a rural physician in support of the neediest, his educational work (preventive medicine, sexual education, nutrition, wholesome living etc) & his theoretical & militant contributions to anarchism.

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"We have always lived in slums & holes in the wall...

We are not in the least afraid of ruins...The bourgeoisie might blast & ruin its own world before it leaves the stage of history.

We carry a new world here, in our hearts. That world is growing this minute."

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London, England July 27

The International Socialist Workers' & Trades Union Congress (July 27-Aug. 1). The Marxists pass a motion requiring the recognition & need for "political action" (in legislative & parliamentary voting) & finishes up totally excluding anarchists, & all anti-parliamentary Socialists, from any future congresses (The latter convene their own antiauthoritarian Congress on the 29th). Among the various delegations are many anarchists, including Errico Malatesta, Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis, Pietro Gori, Gustav Landauer, Kampffmeyer, Fernand Pelloutier, Paul Delesalle, Louise Michel, Peter Kropotkin, Élisée Reclus, & Jean Grave, etc. [Details / context]

London, England July 29-31

International Anarchist Congress convenes after the Marxists take over the 2nd International Congress (convened here on the 27th) & exclude anarchists & anti-parliamentary socialists. [Details / context]

This annual gathering of free thinkers clashes with the authorities who, over the years, try to prohibit them. During the German occupation, the statue of Etienne Dolet (as that of Chevalier De La Barre) is unbolted & melted down.

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#3

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Topics include "The Jews in America," "Anarchism in America," & "The Effect of the Recent Election on the Condition of the Workingmen." Her concluding lecture addresses the Haymarket Affair.

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1896 (4 December) Moves to Marine Rosignano near the family, resumes contacts with the anarchist movement.

[Source: Chronology by Franco Bertolucci]

In 1888 & '89 immigration into the Argentine Republic increased rapidly & unemployment & strikes made their appearance. Malatesta was active in Buenos Aires during this period. Meetings were held on March 18 (1888), in response to the first local strikes, & it is probably then that "El Perseguido" was first issued.

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"I think his fate is rather like Humpty Dumpty's,
quite as tragic & quite as impossible to put right."

[4- 5 -1897] -- Spain: Benevento anarchist uprising.


[4- 22 -1897] -- Italy: In Rome the anarchist Pietro Acciarito, 26, attempts to stab the king of Italy, Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader King Umberto I. Tried & sentenced May 28, following a parody of a trial, Acciarto gets life in prison. / Aprile. Un fallito attentato alla vita del re Umberto I fornisce il pretesto per arresti arbitrari di eponenti socialisti, anarchici e repubblicani.



[4- 23 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman's lectures in Providence, Rhode Island, April 23-25, include "What Is Anarchism?" & "Is It Possible to Realize Anarchism?"

The audience at an open-air meeting is reportedly "spell-bound" by Emma's message.

When she attempts to speak at another open-air meeting, however, the police intervene on the grounds that she doesn't have a permit.

Local socialists disavow any connection to our dynamic "Red" Emma.

[5- 2 -1897] -- Italy: Demonstration in Rome after the anarchist Romeo Frezzi is found dead in a prison cell, believed murdered by his police guards.
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[5- 3 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman speaks in Philadelphia, early May; her lecture on "The Women in the Present & Future" is "loudly applauded."

Emma is credited with the ability to relate anarchism to the working people of Philadelphia, thus helping to boost the movement there.

Returning to New York, she undergoes an operation on her foot, requiring several months of recuperation.

[5- 5 -1897] -- Giovanna Berneri lives (1897-1962). Companion of Camillo Berneri (murdered by the Communists in Spain on this day in 1937; see below). Mother of Marie Louise Berneri (1918-1949) & Giliane Berneri, like their parents, also anarchists.
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[5- 28 -1897] -- US: Carl Nold & Henry Bauer, convicted & imprisoned for aiding in Alexander Berkman's attempt to assassinate Henry Frick, are released from the Western State Penitentiary in Pittsburgh. Berkman remained in prison for many years & his book Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist, is now considered one of the masterpieces of prison literature.

[Related materials / links]

[5- 28 -1897] -- Italy: Camillo Berneri lives, in Lodé. Professor of philosophy, propagandist & anarchist militant & theorist.

Forced into exile by the Italian fascist government, Berneri organized the first column of Italian volunteers to fight in Spain (Gigi Di Lembo, the Italian section of the column "Ascaso," with approximately 500 volunteers), where he participated in the battle of Monte Pelado on August 28, 1936, &, on September 3, on the Huesca front.

Camillo Berneri is dragged from his home, as is Francesco Barbieri from a hospital, & executed by Stalinist Communist Party members, apparently under Moscow's orders.

[6- 6 -1897] -- Portugal: Arnaldo Simões Januário lives. Anarcho-syndicalist militant. Arrested & sent to various concentration camps (Angola, the Azores, Cap Verde & Timor). ... show details

Later continuing the fight against the dictatorship, he is involved in preparations of the insurrectionary general strike of January 18, 1934. Arrested, tortured, & sentenced to 20 years in prison. Arnaldo died March 27, 1938 in the camp at Tarrafal (Cap Verde).

http://ytak.club.fr/juin1.html#6
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_anarquistas_portugueses

[6- 13 -1897] -- Argentina: "Protesta Humana" appears. Began after "El Perseguido" folded (1888 until Jan. 31, 1897; the first of the rapidly developing active & numerous anarchist presses). "Protesta Humana" is followed by the (daily) "Protesta" (April 5, 1904), which for many years weathers all the storms.
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[8- 1 -1897] -- France: André Daunis lives, à Bages, (Aude). Militant & anarchist propagandist in southern France.

Active with the group "Elisée Reclus" de Narbonne, & a proven propagandist, he organizes many meetings to spread anarchist ideas & booklets. Daunis even presented himself on several occasions in elections but, as an anarchist & an abstentionnist, he withdrew before the voting. He was arrested & interned with other anarchists in September 1939, in the camp of Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe in the Tarn, where he was kept until October 1941.

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#1

[8- 7 -1897] -- Argentina: Albert Perrier (or Perier), aka Germinal, lives (1897-1977), in Buenos Aires. Militant French revolutionary syndicalist.

Member "l'Union Anarchiste" in France. Published the newspaper "Le Combat," & in the 1930s joined "La Ruche."

In 1936, he went to Spain with a first French convoy of food & weapons for the C.N.T.- F.A.I., & for the next two years helped supply the Spanish anarchists in spite of a French blockade. During the last months of the revolution Perrier facilitated the passage of those escaping from Spain. An anti-Nazi Resistance member, Perrier was captured & sent to a prison camp (from which he escaped).
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[8- 8 -1897] -- Anarchist Michele Angiolillo assassinates Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, premier of Spain, who in May had ordered the execution of five anarchists held responsible for a bombing in Barcelona the year before. Quickly tried & executed on the 20th.

The torture & inhumane treatment of several hundred others imprisoned in connection with the bombing were widely protested throughout Europe. In NY, Emma Goldman & others — including Italian & Spanish anarchists, & Harry Kelly, John Edelmann, Justus Schwab, & Edward Brady — had organized a demonstration in front of the Spanish consulate.

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[8- 10 -1897] -- France: Fernando Tarrida del Marmol expelled. An anarchist theoretician & militant, he had been jailed in 1896 & just barely able to gain release before escaping the terrorism of the Catholic clerics & the state authorities exacted against workers & militants.

In France Tarrida denounced the atrocities in Barcelona & published the book Un mois dans les prisons d'Espagne, & also articles supporting the insurgents of Philippines & Cuba in their fight against Spanish colonialism, & thus Spain pressed for his expulsion. Tarrida went Belgium & then to England where he lodged with Kropotkin & Louise Michel.

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#1
See the Fernando Tarrida del Marmol Archive, http://www.marxists.org/archive/tarrida/index.htm

[8- 16 -1897] -- US: A meeting of 1,000 people in NY celebrate Cánovas's assassination by Michele Angiolillo. Emma Goldman is among several speakers.
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[8- 19 -1897] -- Italy: Anarchist Cesare Zaccaria lives, Genova. Died Napoli October 1961.



[8- 20 -1897] -- Spain: Michele Angiolillo refuses the last sacraments & is garrotted in the prison yard. His execution, photographed by the press, is one of the first visual testimonies of this official brand of cruelty.

"That smile of his, full of light, life & dawn, expired there on the horrifying garrotte:
GERMINAL!"

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[8- 22 -1897] -- US: In response to criticism from anarchists that she had glorified Cánovas's murder (by Michele Angiolillo), Emma Goldman defends her position at a small meeting in New York.



[9- 3 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman begins lecture tour, September through December. September 3-8, she lectures in Providence, R.I.; speaks at two open-air meetings — attended by thousands — when the mayor warns Goldman that she will be arrested if she speaks in the open-air again.

Despite the prohibition, Emma Goldman continues to lecture.
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[9- 5 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman speaks in Boston on "Must We Become Angels to Live in an Anarchist Society?" & collects money for the victims of the Spanish authorities in the aftermath of the assassination of the premier.



[9- 7 -1897] -- US: Anarchist-feminist Emma Goldman is arrested & jailed for trying to speak at another open-air meeting in Providence, Rhode Island. Tomorrow she is given 24-hours to leave town or face three months imprisonment. Freedom of speech in the Land of the Free can be Fickle.



[9- 12 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman returns to Boston, where she speaks on the September 10 killings of immigrant miners striking in Hazleton, Pa. (known as the Lattimer Massacre). She travels to New Haven & New York to speak again on the Hazleton killings.

After passing through Crystal Ridge & Cranberry, the marchers, numbering 400, proceeded out of the patch towns toward the West Hazleton limits on their way to Lattimer to drum up support for their strike.

‘‘You dare not go ahead. This is against the law.’’ Sheriff Martin said, warning the marchers not to proceed into West Hazleton. ‘‘Me no care, me go to Lattimer.’’

— Steve Yusko, a Polish miner who would pay dearly for his stand against the coal barons.

‘‘Men were mowed down like grass. They lay on the ground crying & helpless.’’ The attack was brief, but its toll was huge. By the time it ended, 19 people had died & at least twice as many were seriously wounded. Six more men would die of gunshot wounds.

http://www.icontech.com/baldeagle/lattimer.html
http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/ppet/lattimer/page1.asp?secid=31

[9- 15 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman delivers the first of four lectures in Philadelphia before several English-speaking organizations, including the Ladies' Liberal League & the Single Tax Society. Her lectures include "Free Love." Before the largest free-thought organization of Philadelphia, the Friendship Liberal League, the anarchist feminist critiques the freethinkers' "partial application of the principles of freedom."



[9- 16 -1897] --

Louise Michel est arrêtée à Bruxelles et expulsée de Belgique.

No matter where she goes, that rascal Louise just can't stay out of trouble.
No importa dónde ella va, ese rascal Louise del anarquista apenas no puede permanecer fuera de apuro!
Egal wo sie geht, kann dieser anarchist Gauner Louise nicht aus Mühe heraus gerade bleiben! Non importa dove va, quel rascal Louise dell'anarchico non può rimanere appena da difficoltà! Não importa onde vai, esse rascal Louise do anarquista apenas não pode permanecer fora do problema!
[Source: Michel Chronologie]

[9- 17 -1897] -- US: Portland editor A. J. Pope arrested & jailed for sending "obscene" material in the anarchist Firebrand through the mail. Abe Isaak & Henry Addis, the other Firebrand editors, are arrested within the next few days on the same charge.


[9- 25 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman travels to Washington, D.C., speaking before a German free-thought society, then to Pittsburgh to meet Carl Nold & Henry Bauer; they advise if Alexander Berkman's appeal for pardon is denied, he plans to attempt an escape from prison.

Goldman speaks before the Turnerverein in Monaca, Pa., complying with their request not to speak on her proposed topic, "Woman, Marriage, & Prostitution."


[9- 27 -1897] -- US: Labor congress organized by Eugene Debs in Chicago, addressed by Emma Goldman.




[10- 3 -1897] -- France: Emile Pouget's journal Le Père Peinard" (Cool Daddy) summarizes the end of the Congress of Toulouse in these terms:

"...C'est surtout quand le "boycottage" et le "sabotage" sont venus sur le tapis que l'entente s'est faite franchement et carrément. Au lieu de perdre son temps et ses forces à nous foutre en bisbille, on foncerait tous en coeur contre les capitalos et les gouvernants. Et, nom de dieu, ça ne traînerait pas. On aurait vivement fait d'écheniller le vieux monde."

http://www.chez.com/durru/pouget/pouget.htm

[10- 11 -1897] -- Spain: Antonio Soto Canalejo lives (1897-1963), Ferrol, Galice. Militant anarchist & anarcho-syndicalist.
http://ytak.club.fr/octobre2.html#11


[10- 13 -1897] -- US: A well-attended event to raise money for the imprisoned editors of the anarchist "Firebrand" is held in Chicago. Speakers include Max Baginski, Lucy Parsons, Moses Harmon, & Emma Goldman, who is on a speaking tour. Emma speaks to the Lucifer Circle on the theme of "Prostitution: Its Causes & Cure" & on "Free Love."



[10- 19 -1897] -- US: The St. Louis House of Delegates passes a resolution supporting the mayor's prohibition of Emma Goldman's open-air meetings. Goldman's lectures — including "Revolution" & "Why I Am an Anarchist & Communist" — are held in private halls under police surveillance. In St. Louis, she began speaking to German & English-speaking audiences on the 16th while continuing to raise money for Alexander Berkman's prison fund.



[10- 25 -1897] -- US: Traveling for hours by train & wagon to learn about the plight of farmers, Emma Goldman speaks to well-attended meetings in Caplinger Mills, Mo., home of rural anarchist Kate Austin. Her lecture topics include "The Aim of Humanity," "Religion," "Anarchy," & "Free Love."



[11- 4 -1897] -- Cipriano Mera lives (1897-1975). French anarcho-syndicalist.

Militia leader & army commander in the Spanish Revolution & militant activist.

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[11- 4 -1897] -- Italy: Giuseppe Ciancabilla today publically declares himself an anarchist, in Malatesta’s paper, "L’Agitazione."

In October 1897, Ciancabilla met Malatesta to do interview for Avanti!. This meeting & the response of the PSI (Italian Socialist Party) leadership to the discussion led Ciancabilla to leave the socialist party in disgust & declare himself an anarchist. Ciancabilla was one of the important Italian figures of the anarchist movement who immigrated to the US in the late 1800s.

[11- 8 -1897] -- US: Dorothy Day, pacifist anarchist, Catholic Worker founder, lives.

http://www.catholicworker.org/dorothyday/ddbiography.cfm

Dorothy Day - Catholic Worker (USA)

• Dorothy Day, Peter Maurin & the Catholic Worker Movement: Who Will Inherit the Legacy of Dorothy Day?
• Dorothy Day, Peter Maurin & the Catholic Worker Movement: All Souls: The Day of the Dead
• Dorothy Day's Pilgrimage Continues at Casa Juan Diego
• The Houston Catholic Worker, a Publication of Casa Juan Diego
• Fight War & Conscription: Be like St. Francis of Assisi (Catholic Worker)

Further Exemplary People for Social Justice & Religion

• Ita Ford, Assigned to El Salvador 1980
• Die Nonne Thich Nu Tri Hai - Engagierter Buddhismus im heutigen Vietnam


• Food for Thought - Bangkok : Soup Kitchen for the Hungry in the Neighbourhood Temple

[Details, click here]

"It is curious how vanity helps keep the successful man & wrecks the failure. In old days half of my strength was my vanity."

Having completed lectures in Kansas City & Topeka, Kansas, in mid-November Goldman lectures four times in Detroit, aided by Robert Reitzel & his paper, Der arme Teufel.

Today Emma speaks at the People's Tabernacle despite opposition from the congregation; the event is sensationalized in the press. In response to Goldman's talk, the deacons & members of the church request the pastor's resignation.

Late November-December, Emma lectures in Cleveland before several liberal societies, including the Franklin Club. On Nov. 21 she lectures on "What Anarchy Means" & collects donations for the Firebrand editors.

On her return east she delivers several successful lectures in Buffalo — where she speaks at the Trade & Labor Council Hall, the Spiritualist Temple, & before German anarchists — & Rochester, where she visits her family for the first time since 1894. Considers her meetings in Rochester, Buffalo, & Detroit to be the best of her 1897 tour.

[11- 21 -1897] -- Russia: Mollie Steimer lives. Russian-American-Jewish-Mexican anarchist & labor agitator. Her militant activities got her deported from both the US in 1921 (after getting 15 years of prison for publishing a leaflet opposing the landing of US troops in Russia), & by Lenin in Russia (1923). Arrested as a German Jew in France, then escaped a Nazi internment camp & fled to Mexico, where she died in 1980.
[Photo: Senya Fléchine, Voline et Mollie Steimer en 1927]
courtesy L'Ephéméride Anarchiste
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[11- 21 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman, continues her heavy lecture campaign throughout the midwest.

Having completed lectures in Kansas & Michigan, late November-December, Emma lectures in Cleveland before several liberal societies, including the Franklin Club. She lectures today, November 21, on "What Anarchy Means" & collects donations for the Firebrand editors.

[1- 1 -1898] -- Brazil: First Rio Grande do Sul State Congress, January 1-2.

This congress brings together delgates from 10 associations, a periodical & an anarchist group. It is the first formal meeting of workers to take up social ideas in Brazil. Source: [ Arquivo de História Social ]

During this period, Emma is in contact with Filipino rebels & helps to support their attempts to gain independence from Spain.

During this period, the anarchist-feminist Emma Goldman is in contact with Filipino rebels & helps to support their attempts to gain independence from Spain.

Emma also announces her lecture topics for the year: "Charity," "Patriotism," "Authority," "Majority Rule," "The New Woman," "The Woman Question," & "The Inquisition of Our Postal Service."

[1- 17 -1898] -- Italy: Two day General Strike & riots in Ancône following an increase in bread prices. The army occupies the city. Errico Malatesta (publishing the newspaper L'agitazione), Luigi Fabbri & several other anarchists are charged (tried on April 21-28, 1898), with a "criminal conspiracy" against public security & property.

Bread riots had occurred in about 50 Italian towns, providing a pretext for arresting Malatesta & other anarchists.

When the trial was held, 3,000 anarchists signed a declaration confessing to be guilty of the same "crime," being malfattori...

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Not wanting to take party in the Dreyfus Affair,
Louise Michel splits, once again, for London.

Emma's tour begins in Philadelphia where she lectures before several well-attended gatherings sponsored by the Ladies' Liberal League, the Single Tax Society, the Society of Ethical Research, & the German Anarchist Society.

Emma notes an increasing interest in anarchism among younger members of the Friendship Liberal League, to which she lectures twice. Topics include "The Absurdity of Non-resistance to Evil," "The Basis of Morality," & "Freedom."

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revendiquant l'indépendance absolue par le retour à la nature (et non à l'état primitif). Les principaux collaborateurs en sont illustrator Emile Gravelle &Henri Zisly. Seulement quatre numéros parurent. [Details / context]http://ytak.club.fr/mars1.html#1

"Red" Emma also visits Max Baginski, Moses Harman, & visits Michael Schwab (one of the pardoned anarchists imprisoned for charges relating to the Haymarket affair.

[Details, click here]

Brady complains about their separation; she responds by asserting her need for freedom.

The anarchists are accused of criminal conspiracy against "the public safety of people & property." The defendants are represented by the anarchist lawyers Francisco Saviero Merlino, Pietro Gori & Errico Ferri. Errico Malatesta will be sent to prison for seven months.
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Red Emma opens with a lecture on "Patriotism," which, following the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, becomes her most important & successful lecture.

Other speeches are well attended. Emma meets Abe Isaak, former editor of the "Firebrand" & current editor of "Free Society"& also Anna Strunsky (Walling), who becomes a lifelong friend & associate, & through her, Jack London....

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Elle revient à Paris pour s'occuper de l'édition de ses oeuvres (notamment la Commune) puis regagne l'Angleterre.
[Source: Michel Chronologie]

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Editor of the newspaper "Le Réfractaire." Picqueray was sent to Moscow by her union, where she opposed the tightening Bolshevik grip & protested the repression (helping get anarchists, such as Senya Fleshin, out of prison).

She also received the famed anarchist guerrilla Nestor Makhno as a refugee in Paris, fought to save Sacco & Vanzetti, & founded the journal "Le Réfractaire."

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[More on colonies founded by Butaud]

Abbott got her start as a assistant to the anarchist / surrealist Man Ray & is credited with teaching him to dance & also rediscovering the French photographer Eugene Atget.

She played bit parts in Eugene O’Neill plays & was adopted as "the daughter" of the legendary anarchist Hippolyte Havel.

1929-1939, Berenice Abbott spent 10 years photographing New York City as it changed. She received funding from the WPA from 1935 to 1939 & selected 305 photos for the New Deal project. The complete work was compiled by Bonnie Yochelson & published in 1997: Berenice Abbott: Changing New York.

http://www.manray-photo.com/

Moved to Lyons in 1890. Here he is active in numerous anarchist groups: "Jeunesse antipatriote," "Les Ennemis de toute candidature,""Ni dieu ni maître" (which earn him several police searches). Particpates in the 1896 conferences of Sebastien Faure & tries to create a new revue, "Jeuness " (producing only 2 or 3 numbers). Seriously ill, Desgranges dies at age 33.

http://ytak.club.fr/juillet3.html#16

Italian anarchist involved in the Paris Commune, & a friend of Lissagaray, Cipriani was condemned to death for his role in the Paris Commune, but sent to a prison colony at New Caledonia. He returned to France with the amnesty of 1880, but was expelled.

Arrested in Italy, January 1881 for "conspiracy," he was sent to prison for 20 years, but a campaign to secure his release freed him 1888. Cipriani returned to France & wrote for the anarchist press, with "Le Plébéien" & other libertarian papers. In 1897, he went to Greece to fight against the Turks (he was wounded).

Today he is sent to prison for three years.

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"Distinctly foreign events & concerns, such as the plight of Russian nihilists or of Irish tenants, often received more attention from Liberty than American concerns. Tucker was outraged by the imprisonment of the Italian Amilcare Cipriani, the trial of Louise Michel, & the plight of Russian refugees in Paris."

"Benjamin Tucker, Liberty, & Individualist Anarchism," Wendy McElroy

[7- 30 -1898] -- Juan Puig Elias lives (1898-1972), Sallent (Barcelone). Spanish teacher & militant anarcho-syndicalist.

Founder of "l'Escola Natura" based on the educational ideas of Francisco Ferrer.

A C.N.T. activist, invovled with C.E.N.U. (Council of the New School Unified) during the Spanish Revolution. Following Franco's victory, Juan Puig fled to France where he was interned in concentration camps, then fought against the Nazis with the Resistance. In 1946, he joined the C.N.T. E (in Exile) & became secretary for culture & propaganda. In 1952 he moved to Oporto Alegre, Brazil. Participated in a Spanish mutal aid group to help those suffering from the Franco repression.

http://ytak.club.fr/juillet4.html#31

Anti-fascist anarchist guerrilla fighter & an important figure in the Bulgarian movement. Fighting the dictatorship of Stambolijski, Ikonomov organized partisan groups which included anarchists, Communists, & members of the peasants' party.

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As a youth Henri Willems worked as a sculptor, & in 1893 ran the Belgian "Libertaire" newspaper, which was prohibited by the police on February 20, 1894, following publication of articles inciting civil disobedience in memory of Auguste Vaillant.

In 1895 Willems was sentenced to 2 -1/2 years in prison for his articles in "Libertaire" & the newspaper "Antipatriote."

In 1898 Willems got into a shootout with the cops when they tried to arrest him.

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

Jean Brault today attends the founding meeting for the group "Les Cravacheurs" in La Salle, Illinois. The group met two Saturdays per month at its residence at 334 Channel Street. Brault, a French miner, born in Courrières (Pas-de-Calais), emigrated to the US & was involved in militant activities in Spring Valley, Pennsylvania & La Salle in the 1890s. Brault moved to socialism & joined the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) in 1910. Source: Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes, http://militants-anarchistes.info/

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