Cat Has Had the Time of His Life

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The Daily Bleed's Anarchist Timeline...

Anarchist Time Line

4200+ Dates & Events

Use 'em or lose 'em...

Part 2, 1895-1917, 998 dates

Pre-1895 | 1895-1917 | 1918-1939 | 1940-Present



[Timeline updated February 2008, excerpted from the Daily Bleed Calendar, adds 980+ dates since March of 2006]

[1- 1 -1895] -- England: Rudolf Rocker arrives in London. German anarchist who became deeply involved in the Federation of Jewish Anarchists, a movement larger than the native British anarchist movement.

Mass meetings were held in the Great Assembly Hall in Mile End & in the Wonderland in Whitechapel, attended by thousands, sometimes five, six, seven thousand. Not Jewish & unable to read Yiddish, little did Rocker suspect that in a few short years he would be editor of "Arbeter Fraint" & immersed in the movement for the next 20 years.





[1- 5 -1895] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: Emma Goldman helps organize a benefit ball sponsored by
the joint anarchist groups of New York.



[1- 7 -1895] -- Georgette Ryner (1895-1975) lives, Nogent-le-Rotrou, France. Poet, writer, teacher & collaborator in many anarchist newspapers. Partner of Han Ryner. Devoted to children, to whom she brought aid in Algeria in 1966. Author of numerous books & poems. Wrote Dans la ronde éternelle (1926), Adolescente passionnée (1969).


[1- 21 -1895] -- Japan: Ito Noe lives, Fukuoka. Anarchist, social critic, author, translator & feminist. Married the Dadaist author & poet Tsuji Jun (an individualist anarchist, he translated Stirner's The Ego & His Own). Noe was brutally murdered in 1923 by military police, along with Osugi Sakae, & his six-year-old nephew, in what became known throughout Japan as the "Amakasu Incident".

Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]





[1- 24 -1895] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: Emma Goldman lectures on labor strikes at a meeting in New York City.



[1- 24 -1895] -- Redlands Fortnightly Club founded, Redlands California. Believed to be the second oldest literary club in the United States. Currently includes Kenneth Ghormley's family history, involving the anarchist Home Colony.
http://www.redlandsfortnightly.org/papers/ghorm99.htm


[2- 14 -1895] -- Oscar Wilde's comedy The Importance of Being Earnest opens in London at the St. James's Theatre.



[2- 18 -1895] -- Source=Robert Braunwart England: Lord Queensberry leaves a card for Oscar Wilde at the Albemarle Club calling him a "somdomite" (the basis of Wilde's libel suit).


[4- 5 -1895] -- Source=Robert Braunwart England: That anarchist degenerate Oscar Wilde is arrested for homosexuality.


[4- 6 -1895] -- England: After acquittal of the Marquis of Queensberry for libel, Oscar Wilde is arrested. During the trial Wilde denies writing The Priest & the Acolyte.

"Was that story immoral?" asks the court.

"It was much worse than immoral," Wilde replies. "It was badly written."

http://www.bibliomania.com/0/2/57/frameset.html

http://struggle.ws/ws98/ws53_wilde.html



[4- 29 -1895] -- Joseph Conrad's first novel, Almayer's Folly is published.
Joseph Conrad's The Secret Agent … [constructs] anarchism as a form of fraudulent self-deception symptomatic of a widespread social degeneracy in British society. The...novel's ambivalent engagement with Nietzsche, showing how through a dialogue with Nietzschean intertexts anarchism is constructed as a form of religious fanaticism that is connected with the dangers of both foreign imperialism & the lower classes.




[5- 2 -1895] -- Italy: In Florence, the trial of Oreste Lucchesi & Amerigo Franchi begins. They are on trial (-May 22) for assassinating Giuseppe Bandi, editor of "Il Telegrafo," on July 1, 1894. His articles resulted in the repression & arrest of numerous anarchists.
http://ytak.club.fr/mai4.html#lucchesi


[5- 2 -1895] -- Mécislas Charrier lives. French anarchist illégaliste, guillotined for an attempted train robbery in which a person was killed. Charrier was not the killer, but he defended his illegalist actions & defied the court to take his head. They obliged.
http://www.recollectionbooks.com/bleed/0802.htm#Charrier


[5- 4 -1895] -- France: First appearance of Jean Grave's weekly magazine of "Les Temps Nouveaux," which, until August 8, 1914, is a formidable journal of anarchist ideas & propaganda. Grave collected many talented artists, illustrators & writers to contribute over the years.
4 mai.- Premier numéro du journal de l'anarchiste Jean Grave, "Les Temps Nouveaux".

See "A Visit to L'Anarchie," by Émile Armand in the Stan Iverson Memorial Library,
http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/index.html

http://www.web.net/blackrosebooks/jean.htm
http://increvablesanarchistes.org/articles/avan1914/tempsnouveaux.htm



[5- 22 -1895] -- Italy: The trial of Oreste Lucchesi & Amerigo Franchi, begun in Florence May 2, concludes. They are convicted of assassinating the Giuseppe Bandi, editor of "Il Telegrafo," on July 1, 1894. His articles were responsible for the repression & arrest of numerous anarchists. Lucchesi & Franchi received prison sentences of 30 years each.
http://ytak.club.fr/mai4.html#lucchesi


[5- 25 -1895] -- England: Gay playwright Oscar Wilde convicted & jailed for homosexuality, of "acts of gross indecency."
Oscar Wilde Gross



[7- 15 -1895] -- US: "La Questione sociale" begins publishing in Paterson, NJ (anarchist paper, first series, 127 numbers issued between July 15, 1895 — Sept. 2, 1899). Includes an article by Errico Malatesta who later arrives in the US (1899?) to address meetings in Italian & Spanish, & temporarily edits the "Questione sociale" (new series) for a few months. Contributors include Giuseppe Ciancabilla, Carlo Tresca, Aldino Felicani, Luigi Galleani, etc.

"The Italian-American anarchists from Paterson, the city that the press described as ‘anarchy’s capital’ & where there was indeed a massive anarchist presence, when you think that "La Questione Sociale" was a massive weekly with a print run of 15,000 copies!"

[ Source: Max Nettlau, Errico Malatesta ]
http://flag.blackened.net/ksl/bullet26.htm#Galzerano



[7- 23 -1895] -- Switzerland: Adémar Schwitzguebel (1844-1895) dies, Bienne. Anarchist & member of the Bakuninist "Fédération jurassienne" (Jura Federation) in l'Internationale.
http://ytak.club.fr/juillet4.html



[7- 29 -1895] -- England: Famed geographer Elisée Reclus (1830-1905) delivers the lecture, "On Anarchism," at South Place Institute, London. (Elisee Reclus On Anarchism, [London: Wm. Wess, 1897])
alt; Elisee Reclus
Daily Bleed Saint, March 15.

Only anarchist geographer I know of who has a wine dedicated in his honor,
Cuvee Elisée

anarchist Cuvee Elisée wine label; source www.lesdelices.com





[8- 4 -1895] -- France: During this month the magazine "La Nouvelle Humanité" begins appearing.

Henri Beylie & illustrator Emile Gravelle are its prime movers, & contributors include Henri Zisly & René Chaughi. A somewhat irregular monthly, after its 19-20th number in 1898, it merges with "Le Naturien".




[8- 16 -1895] -- EG, anarchist feministEmma Goldman sails to England under the name "Mrs. E. G. Brady" fearing that her real identity as an anarchist would limit her freedom to travel in Europe. Funds for her travel & a portion of living expenses are provided by Modest Stein.



[8- 17 -1895] -- Belgium: Nicholas Lazarevitch lives (1895-1975), near Liege. Anti-militarist, anarcho-syndicalist, "Platformist" & husband of the Russian anarchist, Ida Mett. For more on Lazarevitch, see the Anarchist Encyclopedia page. For an excellent collection of background articles, see
Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution - How the revolution degenerated


[9- 13 -1895] -- England: Several speakers — including James Tochatti of the British anarchist journal Liberty, French anarchist Louise Michel, & Emma Goldman — appear at an event in Finsbury.

Emma lectures on "Political Justice in England & America," highlighting Alexander Berkman's case & she meets Peter Kropotkin & Errico Malatesta, among others. German police authorities monitor Goldman's movements in London, prepared to arrest her if she enters Germany. Tomorrow Goldman travels to Scotland; delivers successful lectures in Glasgow, Edinburgh, & Maybole.





[9- 20 -1895] -- Italy: A successful protest movement leads to the amnesty of Luigi Molinari.

A military tribunal, on January 31, 1894, condemned Molinari to 23-years imprisonment for instigating an insurrection in Lunigiana, where anarchist bands armed themselves in support of the Sicilian victims of a "State of Siege" (a repressive attempt to put down revolts against increased flour prices).

Further details/ context, click here; anarchismo, anarchici, anarchico, anarchica, Libertaria[Details / context]





[9- 23 -1895] --
France: 23-28 septembre.- VIIe congrès national corporatif, founding Congress of the CGT, held in Limoges.       Le cheminot A. Lagailse premier secrétaire général.

Un mois après le congrès de Limoges, Fernand Pelloutier publie un article manifeste dans lequel il défend le développement des idées anarchistes dans les syndicats.

Cette influence libertaire aidera la jeune CGTà maintenir son indépendance, par rapport à l'État d'abord et par rapport aux partis politique ensuite. Cette indépendance sera codifiée et fortement réaffirmée onze ans plus tard lors du congrès d'Amiens en octobre 1906.

Further details/ context, click here; libertaire, anarchiste, anarchisme, anarchistes, anarchie[Details / context]





[10- 20 -1895] -- Gaston Leval, anarchist/writer, lives, Saint-Denis. Active in France, Spain, Argentina.http://struggle.ws/spaindx.html
Also see http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/5065/spain.html




[11- 12 -1895] -- Argentina: Premier numéro du journal "Le Cyclone," Buenos-Aires . Organe Communiste Anarchiste (en langue française). Seuls quelques numéros (tirés à 2 mille exemplaires) verront le jour. Dans le n°1 et le n°2 (du 8 décembre 1895), un Manifeste des Groupes socialistes ralliés à l'anarchisme, et également dans le n°2 cette "Marseillaise Anarchiste" crée à Buenos-Aires en 1893. Extrait:
2ème Couplet
"Assez de républiques,
Assez de rois et d'empereurs;
Au diable envoyons cette clique
D'assassins, fourbes et voleurs.
(bis)
Plus de généraux, de ministres,
De juges, de représantants,
Aux mains souillées de notre sang,
Peuples, balayez tous ces cuistres."

Refrain
"Aux armes, travailleurs,
Sus à nos exploiteurs,
Frappons, frappons,
L'autorité.
Règne l'égalité."




[11- 13 -1895] -- France: Anarchist Louise Michel revient à Paris où elle est accueillie par une manifestation de sympathie à la gare Saint-Lazare. Elle prononce dans la capitale et en province une série de discours.
[Source: Michel Chronologie]


[11- 16 -1895] -- France: Premier issue of French weekly newspaper "Le libertaire," founded by the anarchists Sébastien Faure & Louise Michel. (The original publication using the name Le Libertaire, was founded in 1858 in the United States, by Joseph Dejacque.
Graphic, courtesy: Ephéméride Anarchiste

Further details / context, click here[Details / context]





[11- 26 -1895] -- France: Arthur Arnould (1833-1895) dies. French journalist, novelist, anarchist member of First International & the Paris Commune, friend of Michael Bakunin. Arnould wrote L'Etat et la Révolution (1877), a history of the Paris Commune, & numerous novels as A. Matthey. See the Anarchist Encyclopedia page, http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/ArnouldArthur.htm



[12- 13 -1895] -- Spain: Lucia Sanchez Saornil (1895-1970) lives, Madrid. Poet, painter & militant anarchist.

In 1918 Lucia published her first poems, & joined the "Ultraïsmo" literary movement. In 1936, with Mercedes Comaposada & Amparo Poch y Gascon, she founded Mujeres Libres (Free Women) which publishes, from May 1936, a review of the same name.




[12- 14 -1895] -- Italy: Francesco Barbieri lives, Briattica.
An antifascist & anarchist militant, Barbieri successively fled to Argentina, Brazil, France, Switzerland & Spain, in his fight against the fascists. During the Spanish Revolution in 1936 he joined the Italian column fighting in Huesca.

While hospitalized in Barcelona in May 1937 Barbieri is arrested by cops under command of the Communists & his body is found full of bullet holes the next day, along with that of Camillo Berneri.




[1- 8 -1896] -- Argentina: Manuel Rojas Sepulveda, lives (1896-1973 ). Considered the major 20th century Chilean novelist & short story writer. Premio Nacional de Literatura 1957.

Unfortunately he remains mostly unknown outside Chile. IWW member, anarcosindicalista, considered an important anarchist leader in the post-WWI period.

Manuel Rojas worked for Chilean comic books published by Zig Zag & Quimantú during the 1960s & 1970s. He cooperated on several western series for Far West, including 'Ray Hunter', 'Ronnie Lea, el Muertero' & 'Curiosidades del Oeste'. He was also present in Jungla & El Siniestro Dr. Mortis.

Father of Maria Eugenia Rojas (wife of the communist & academic leader of the University of Chile, Fernando Ortiz Letelier, detained & disappeared by the government.)

http://www.angelfire.com/nj/poesia/prznac/mrojas.html


[2- 10 -1896] -- US: Home Colony Co-Operative (Mutual Home Association) founded on Van Geldern Cove near Seattle & Tacoma, Washington.

The Home Colony was a peculiar combination of communism & anarchism, organized by a group who had already been in the Glennis Co-operative Industrial Company, a Bellamy colony. It was quite as successful as the others of its time. Private homesites were limited to two acres. Members were carefully chosen. There were about 150 members. Great stress was laid on individual liberty & non-resistance. There was a high degree of mutuality, though more unorganized & undirected than in any other colony. There seems to have been less internal friction here than in most colonies. Financial troubles led to disbanding after about 10 years.

See the Stan Iverson Archives, http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/HomeColony.htm




[2- 14 -1896] -- Bulgaria: Gueorgui Cheitanov lives, Yambol. Writer, speaker, theorist of the Bulgarian anarchist movement. Captured & executed following an attack in Sofia.



[3- 1 -1896] -- Italy: On the island of Tremiti where residents are confined, confrontations take place with the police, who kill the anarchist Argante Salucci & wound 10 of his companions.


[3- 3 -1896] -- Austria: During this month Emma Goldman completes her medical training in Austria; travels to Paris where she meets the anarchist editor Augustin Hamon.



[3- 14 -1896] -- France: Louis Emile Cottin lives. Received a death sentence (later commuted) for trying to assassinate Clémenceau in 1919 (see below). Cottin was killed on the Saragossa front during the Spanish Revolution in 1936, where he fought in the famed anarchist Durruti Column.
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/8195/blasts/pointblank/spanishrevolution.htm



[4- 1 -1896] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: Back in New York this month, Emma Goldman resides with Edward Brady in a German neighborhood on Eleventh Street.

Emma earns a meager living as a midwife & nurse, witnessing the plight of many women suffering from unwanted pregnancies....& is active on many other fronts as well.

Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]





[4- 29 -1896] -- Séverin Ferandel (1896-1978) lives, in Basses-Alpes. Travel agency interpreter, anarchist militant, syndicalist, ran a radical bookstore, aided Spanish refugees, etc. while living in France & Mexico. See the Anarchist Encyclopedia page, http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/FerandelSeverin.htmalt: Severin Ferandel



[4- 30 -1896] -- Emma GoldmanUS: Emma Goldman speaks at John Turner's concluding lecture in New York.

Emma had helped to arrange lectures for the English anarchist & labor leader, whose visit gives Goldman the opportunity to gain experience addressing English-speaking audiences.

(Turner was eventually arrested (1903) & booted out of the country for his anarchist views.)

Further details / context, click here[Details / context]




[5- 1 -1896] -- US: At a demonstration in Union Square, Emma Goldman helps to distribute a May Day anarchist manifesto written by her & a group of American-born comrades in New York.



[5- 7 -1896] -- Spain: Bomb explodes in a religious procession in Barcelona, killing 11 people; Spanish authorities imprison over 400 people, including anarchists, suspected of involvement in the bombing. The severity of the punishment sparks international protests.


[6- 3 -1896] -- Spanish anarchist Isaac Puente lives (1836-1936).

Three aspects made him famous in his day: his activities as a rural physician in support of the neediest, his educational work (preventive medicine, sexual education, nutrition, wholesome living etc) & his theoretical & militant contributions to anarchism.

Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste, Anarquismo, Anarquista, anarkismo[Details / context]




[6- 7 -1896] -- Spain: A bomb explodes during a religious parade, killing a dozen people & wounding 30. In response the government totally represses the anarchist movement, torturing hundreds of people in the Montjuich Prison. Spanish authorities imprison over 400 people, including anarchists, suspected of involvement in the bombing. The severity of the punishment sparks international protests.


[6- 14 -1896] -- Jean Le Gall lives. French anarchiste.
http://ytak.club.fr/juin2.html#8


[6- 15 -1896] -- France: Gérard Duvergé lives (also known as Fred Durtain, Chevalier à Monségur), (Gironde). Libertarian teacher, anarchist & antifascist resistor.
Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste, anarchisme[Details / context]


[7- 7 -1896] -- The Ballad of Reading Gaol by Oscar Wilde:

In Memoriam C.T.W.
Sometime Trooper of
The Royal Horse Guards.
Obit H.M. Prison, Reading, Berkshire,
July 7th, 1896



http://struggle.ws/ws98/ws53_wilde.html



[7- 14 -1896] -- Spain: Legendary Spanish anarchist Buenaventura Durruti lives.

Durruti

"We have always lived in slums & holes in the wall...

We are not in the least afraid of ruins...The bourgeoisie might blast & ruin its own world before it leaves the stage of history.

We carry a new world here, in our hearts. That world is growing this minute."

Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste,  anarchismo, anarchici, anarchico, anarquista, anarchisten, anarchie, anarkismo, anarchisme, Libertaria [Details / context]




[7- 27 -1896] --
London, England

July 27 

  

dingbat
The International Socialist Workers' & Trades Union Congress (July 27-Aug. 1).

PSOE logoThe Marxists pass a motion requiring the recognition & need for "political action" (in legislative & parliamentary voting) & finishes up totally excluding anarchists, & all anti-parliamentary Socialists, from any future congresses (The latter convene their own antiauthoritarian Congress on the 29th).

Among the various delegations are many anarchists, including Errico Malatesta, Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis, Pietro Gori, Gustav Landauer, Kampffmeyer, Fernand Pelloutier, Paul Delesalle, Louise Michel, Peter Kropotkin, Élisée Reclus, & Jean Grave, etc.

Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste,  anarchismo, anarchici, anarchico, anarquista, anarchisten, anarchie, anarkismo, anarchisme, anarho, anarchica, libertarian[Details / context]




[7- 29 -1896] --
PSOE logoLondon, England

July 29-31 

  

dingbat
International Anarchist Congress convenes after the Marxists take over the 2nd International Congress (convened here on the 27th) & exclude anarchists & anti-parliamentary socialists.

Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste,  anarchismo, anarchici, anarchico, anarquista, anarchisten, anarchie, anarkismo, anarchisme, anarho, anarchica, libertarian[Details / context]




[8- 3 -1896] -- France: At the statue of Etienne Dolet (see 1546 above), in Maubert Place in Paris, a crowd of over 20,000 from all the socialist & radical groupings of Paris gathers, extolling & reasserting Dolet's anticlericalism & atheism.

This annual gathering of free thinkers clashes with the authorities who, over the years, try to prohibit them. During the German occupation, the statue of Etienne Dolet (as that of Chevalier De La Barre) is unbolted & melted down.

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#3



[8- 27 -1896] -- Spain: Fernando Tarrida del Marmol is released from the dreaded Montjuich prison, thanks to help from family members. Spanish free-thinker, Director of the Polytechnic Academy of Barcelona, translator, biographer, & anarchist theoretician, he was arrested July 21 following the Cambios-Neuvos street attack on June 7, & imprisoned along with many workers (the "crime" for the majority of them is failing to attend church) who, not so fortunate as he, were tortured.

Further details/ context, click here; libertaire, anarchiste, anarchisme, anarchistes, anarchie[Details / context]




[10- 12 -1896] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: Johann Most, German-American anarchist, & Emma Goldman's former mentor, denounces her at an event in New York when she solicits funds for the commemoration of the execution of the Haymarket Martyrs.



[10- 15 -1896] -- France: Célestin Freinet lives. Anarchist pedagogist & founder of the Coopérative de l'Enseignement Laïc (C.E.L), The Co-operative Institute of the Modern School (1948) & author of The French Modern School. Influenced the Spanish artist Ramón Acin, who founded an art school based on the ideas of Francisco Ferrer & Freinet. His partner Elise was also a militant educator, who carried on his work following his death.


[11- 4 -1896] -- US: In Philadelphia, Emma Goldman speaks at the Ladies' Liberal League about her "Experiences on Blackwell's Island."
Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]


[11- 8 -1896] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: In Philadelphia(?), Emma Goldman delivers two lectures — before a mass meeting called by a Jewish group to honor the Haymarket Martyrs & to raise money for Alexander Berkman, the second on "Woman's Cause" to the Young Men's Liberal League.

Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]




[11- 11 -1896] -- US: November 11-15, Emma Goldman lectures in Baltimore & raises money for Alexander Berkman's appeal.
[Details, click here]



[11- 18 -1896] -- US: Emma Goldman, following an appearance in Buffalo, November 18-26, lectures to enthusiastic audiences in Pittsburgh, primarily in German, & continues to raise money for the Alexander Berkman fund.

Topics include "The Jews in America," "Anarchism in America," & "The Effect of the Recent Election on the Condition of the Workingmen." Her concluding lecture addresses the Haymarket Affair.

Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]





[11- 20 -1896] -- US: Rose Pesotta lives. Labor activist & an anarchist, the only woman on the General Executive Board of the International Ladies' Garment Workers (ILGWU), from 1933-1944, but returned to organizing, her real passion. She was disgusted that the Board was all men but her, while women comprised 85% of the union members. Active in the defense of Sacco & Vanzetti. Pitcher for baseballs' Armageddonia Anarchists 1998.



[11- 29 -1896] -- France: Raoul Chenard, militant anarchist-syndicalist, lives (1896-1960).
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre4.html#29
http://www.federation-anarchiste.org/ml/article.php3?id_article=891

[12- 4 -1896] -- Pietro Gori Trasferitosi a Rosignano Marittimo presso la famiglia riprende i contatti con il movimento anarchico.

1896 (4 December) Moves to Marine Rosignano near the family, resumes contacts with the anarchist movement.

[Source: Chronology by Franco Bertolucci]




[12- 5 -1896] -- France: Henry Poulaille lives, Paris. Novelist, anarchist, publisher of proletarian authors, director of éditions Grasset, the journal "Le nouvel âge littéraire," founder of "Le musée du soir."



[12- 8 -1896] -- orange diamond dingbat; new entry, remove 2007 Germany: John (Johann) Neve (1844-1896) dies in Moabit Prison, Berlin. Active in the anarchist & workers' movements in Denmark, Belgium, England, & Germany.
http://libcom.org/history/neve-john-1844-1896


[1- 31 -1897] -- Argentina: "El Perseguido," an anarchist-communist labor periodical, ceases publication.

In 1888 & '89 immigration into the Argentine Republic increased rapidly & unemployment & strikes made their appearance. Malatesta was active in Buenos Aires during this period. Meetings were held on March 18 (1888), in response to the first local strikes, & it is probably then that "El Perseguido" was first issued.




[3- 14 -1897] -- Italy: Errico Malatesta clandestinely re-enters the country, at Ancône, & begins publishing the newspaper L'agitazione.



[3- 17 -1897] -- Jules Jouy (1855-1897) dies. Anarchist songster, poet, & pioneer of the social song.
[ Further Details ]


[3- 26 -1897] -- Oscar Wilde's wife writes about her husband's arrest & imprisonment:

"I think his fate is rather like Humpty Dumpty's,
quite as tragic & quite as impossible to put right."




[4- 5 -1897] -- Spain: Benevento anarchist uprising.


[4- 22 -1897] -- Italy: In Rome the anarchist Pietro Acciarito, 26, attempts to stab the king of Italy, Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader King Umberto I. Tried & sentenced May 28, following a parody of a trial, Acciarto gets life in prison. / Aprile. Un fallito attentato alla vita del re Umberto I fornisce il pretesto per arresti arbitrari di eponenti socialisti, anarchici e repubblicani.



[4- 23 -1897] -- EG, feministUS: Emma Goldman's lectures in Providence, Rhode Island, April 23-25, include "What Is Anarchism?" & "Is It Possible to Realize Anarchism?"

The audience at an open-air meeting is reportedly "spell-bound" by Emma's message.

When she attempts to speak at another open-air meeting, however, the police intervene on the grounds that she doesn't have a permit.

Local socialists disavow any connection to our dynamic "Red" Emma.



[5- 2 -1897] -- Italy: Demonstration in Rome after the anarchist Romeo Frezzi is found dead in a prison cell, believed murdered by his police guards.
Further details/ context, click here; libertarian, anarchico, anarchismo, anarchici, anarchica, anarchy, anarquista[Details / context]


[5- 3 -1897] -- EGUS: Emma Goldman speaks in Philadelphia, early May; her lecture on "The Women in the Present & Future" is "loudly applauded."

Emma is credited with the ability to relate anarchism to the working people of Philadelphia, thus helping to boost the movement there.

Returning to New York, she undergoes an operation on her foot, requiring several months of recuperation.





[5- 5 -1897] -- Giovanna Berneri lives (1897-1962). Companion of Camillo Berneri (murdered by the Communists in Spain on this day in 1937; see below). Mother of Marie Louise Berneri (1918-1949) & Giliane Berneri, like their parents, also anarchists.
Further details/ context, click here;Anarþist, ANARÞÝZM, Anarþizmin, anarþizme, Anarþist, Anarquismo, Anarquista, Anarchisten[Details / context]



[5- 28 -1897] -- US: Carl Nold & Henry Bauer, convicted & imprisoned for aiding in Alexander Berkman's attempt to assassinate Henry Frick, are released from the Western State Penitentiary in Pittsburgh. Berkman remained in prison for many years & his book Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist, is now considered one of the masterpieces of prison literature.


[5- 28 -1897] -- Italy: Camillo Berneri lives, in Lodé. Professor of philosophy, propagandist & anarchist militant & theorist.
Forced into exile by the Italian fascist government, Berneri organized the first column of Italian volunteers to fight in Spain (Gigi Di Lembo, the Italian section of the column "Ascaso," with approximately 500 volunteers), where he participated in the battle of Monte Pelado on August 28, 1936, &, on September 3, on the Huesca front.

Camillo Berneri is dragged from his home, as is Francesco Barbieri from a hospital, & executed by Stalinist Communist Party members, apparently under Moscow's orders.





[6- 6 -1897] -- anarchiste diamond dingbat; anarquistaPortugal: Arnaldo Simões Januário lives. Anarcho-syndicalist militant. Arrested & sent to various concentration camps (Angola, the Azores, Cap Verde & Timor). ... show details

[6- 13 -1897] -- Argentina: "Protesta Humana" appears. Began after "El Perseguido" folded (1888 until Jan. 31, 1897; the first of the rapidly developing active & numerous anarchist presses). "Protesta Humana" is followed by the (daily) "Protesta" (April 5, 1904), which for many years weathers all the storms.
Further details/ context, click here; Anarquismo, Anarquista, Anarchie, anarkismo, anarchisme[Details / context]


[8- 1 -1897] -- France: André Daunis lives, à Bages, (Aude). Militant & anarchist propagandist in southern France.

Active with the group "Elisée Reclus" de Narbonne, & a proven propagandist, he organizes many meetings to spread anarchist ideas & booklets. Daunis even presented himself on several occasions in elections but, as an anarchist & an abstentionnist, he withdrew before the voting. He was arrested & interned with other anarchists in September 1939, in the camp of Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe in the Tarn, where he was kept until October 1941.

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#1



[8- 7 -1897] -- Argentina: Albert Perrier (or Perier), aka Germinal, lives (1897-1977), in Buenos Aires. Militant French revolutionary syndicalist.

Member "l'Union Anarchiste" in France. Published the newspaper "Le Combat," & in the 1930s joined "La Ruche."

In 1936, he went to Spain with a first French convoy of food & weapons for the C.N.T.- F.A.I., & for the next two years helped supply the Spanish anarchists in spite of a French blockade. During the last months of the revolution Perrier facilitated the passage of those escaping from Spain. An anti-Nazi Resistance member, Perrier was captured & sent to a prison camp (from which he escaped).
Further details/ context, click here; libertaire, anarchiste, anarchisme, anarchistes, anarchie, anarquista, anarquismo, anarquistas, anarquía, anarchy,  anarquistas, libertarian, Anarþist[Details / context]




[8- 8 -1897] -- EG, anarchist feministAnarchist Michele Angiolillo assassinates Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, premier of Spain, who in May had ordered the execution of five anarchists held responsible for a bombing in Barcelona the year before. Quickly tried & executed on the 20th.

The torture & inhumane treatment of several hundred others imprisoned in connection with the bombing were widely protested throughout Europe. In NY, Emma Goldman & others — including Italian & Spanish anarchists, & Harry Kelly, John Edelmann, Justus Schwab, & Edward Brady — had organized a demonstration in front of the Spanish consulate.

Further details/ context, click here; anarchica, anarchici, Libertaria, anarchiste, Anarquismo, Anarquista, Anarchisten, anarkismo[Details / context]




[8- 10 -1897] -- France: Fernando Tarrida del Marmol expelled. An anarchist theoretician & militant, he had been jailed in 1896 & just barely able to gain release before escaping the terrorism of the Catholic clerics & the state authorities exacted against workers & militants.

In France Tarrida denounced the atrocities in Barcelona & published the book Un mois dans les prisons d'Espagne, & also articles supporting the insurgents of Philippines & Cuba in their fight against Spanish colonialism, & thus Spain pressed for his expulsion. Tarrida went Belgium & then to England where he lodged with Kropotkin & Louise Michel.

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#1
See the Fernando Tarrida del Marmol Archive, http://www.marxists.org/archive/tarrida/index.htm




[8- 16 -1897] -- EG, anarchist feministUS: A meeting of 1,000 people in NY celebrate Cánovas's assassination by Michele Angiolillo. Emma Goldman is among several speakers.
Further details/ context, click here; anarchica, anarchici, Libertaria, anarchiste, Anarquismo, Anarquista, Anarchisten, anarkismo[Details / context]



[8- 19 -1897] -- Italy: Anarchist Cesare Zaccaria lives, Genova. Died Napoli October 1961.



[8- 20 -1897] -- Spain: Michele Angiolillo refuses the last sacraments & is garrotted in the prison yard. His execution, photographed by the press, is one of the first visual testimonies of this official brand of cruelty.
"That smile of his, full of light, life & dawn, expired there on the horrifying garrotte:
GERMINAL!"

Further details/ context, click here; anarchica, anarchici, Libertaria, anarchiste, Anarquismo, Anarquista, Anarchisten, anarkismo[Details / context]





[8- 22 -1897] -- Red Emma Goldman, anarchistUS: In response to criticism from anarchists that she had glorified Cánovas's murder (by Michele Angiolillo), Emma Goldman defends her position at a small meeting in New York.



[9- 3 -1897] -- EG, anarchist feministUS: Emma Goldman begins lecture tour, September through December. September 3-8, she lectures in Providence, R.I.; speaks at two open-air meetings — attended by thousands — when the mayor warns Goldman that she will be arrested if she speaks in the open-air again.

Despite the prohibition, Emma Goldman continues to lecture.
anarchism, Further details / context, click here[Details / context]



[9- 5 -1897] -- EG, anarchist feministUS: Emma Goldman speaks in Boston on "Must We Become Angels to Live in an Anarchist Society?" & collects money for the victims of the Spanish authorities in the aftermath of the assassination of the premier.



[9- 7 -1897] -- EG, anarchist feministUS: Anarchist-feminist Emma Goldman is arrested & jailed for trying to speak at another open-air meeting in Providence, Rhode Island. Tomorrow she is given 24-hours to leave town or face three months imprisonment. Freedom of speech in the Land of the Free can be Fickle.



[9- 12 -1897] -- EG, anarchist feministUS: Emma Goldman returns to Boston, where she speaks on the September 10 killings of immigrant miners striking in Hazleton, Pa. (known as the Lattimer Massacre). She travels to New Haven & New York to speak again on the Hazleton killings.

After passing through Crystal Ridge & Cranberry, the marchers, numbering 400, proceeded out of the patch towns toward the West Hazleton limits on their way to Lattimer to drum up support for their strike.

‘‘You dare not go ahead. This is against the law.’’ Sheriff Martin said, warning the marchers not to proceed into West Hazleton. ‘‘Me no care, me go to Lattimer.’’

— Steve Yusko, a Polish miner who would pay dearly for his stand against the coal barons.

‘‘Men were mowed down like grass. They lay on the ground crying & helpless.’’ The attack was brief, but its toll was huge. By the time it ended, 19 people had died & at least twice as many were seriously wounded. Six more men would die of gunshot wounds.

http://www.icontech.com/baldeagle/lattimer.html
http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/ppet/lattimer/page1.asp?secid=31



[9- 15 -1897] -- EG, anarchist feministUS: Emma Goldman delivers the first of four lectures in Philadelphia before several English-speaking organizations, including the Ladies' Liberal League & the Single Tax Society. Her lectures include "Free Love." Before the largest free-thought organization of Philadelphia, the Friendship Liberal League, the anarchist feminist critiques the freethinkers' "partial application of the principles of freedom."



[9- 16 -1897] --
anarchiste black cat

Louise Michel est arrêtée à Bruxelles et expulsée de Belgique.

No matter where she goes, that rascal Louise just can't stay out of trouble.
No importa dónde ella va, ese rascal Louise del anarquista apenas no puede permanecer fuera de apuro!
Egal wo sie geht, kann dieser anarchist Gauner Louise nicht aus Mühe heraus gerade bleiben! Non importa dove va, quel rascal Louise dell'anarchico non può rimanere appena da difficoltà! Não importa onde vai, esse rascal Louise do anarquista apenas não pode permanecer fora do problema!

[Source: Michel Chronologie]




[9- 17 -1897] -- US: Portland editor A. J. Pope arrested & jailed for sending "obscene" material in the anarchist Firebrand through the mail. Abe Isaak & Henry Addis, the other Firebrand editors, are arrested within the next few days on the same charge.


[9- 25 -1897] -- EG, anarchist feministUS: Emma Goldman travels to Washington, D.C., speaking before a German free-thought society, then to Pittsburgh to meet Carl Nold & Henry Bauer; they advise if Alexander Berkman's appeal for pardon is denied, he plans to attempt an escape from prison.

Goldman speaks before the Turnerverein in Monaca, Pa., complying with their request not to speak on her proposed topic, "Woman, Marriage, & Prostitution."


[9- 27 -1897] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: Labor congress organized by Eugene Debs in Chicago, addressed by Emma Goldman.




[10- 3 -1897] -- France: Emile Pouget's journal Le Père Peinard" (Cool Daddy) summarizes the end of the Congress of Toulouse in these terms:

"...C'est surtout quand le "boycottage" et le "sabotage" sont venus sur le tapis que l'entente s'est faite franchement et carrément. Au lieu de perdre son temps et ses forces à nous foutre en bisbille, on foncerait tous en coeur contre les capitalos et les gouvernants. Et, nom de dieu, ça ne traînerait pas. On aurait vivement fait d'écheniller le vieux monde."

http://www.chez.com/durru/pouget/pouget.htm



[10- 11 -1897] -- Spain: Antonio Soto Canalejo lives (1897-1963), Ferrol, Galice. Militant anarchist & anarcho-syndicalist.
http://ytak.club.fr/octobre2.html#11


[10- 13 -1897] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: A well-attended event to raise money for the imprisoned editors of the anarchist "Firebrand" is held in Chicago. Speakers include Max Baginski, Lucy Parsons, Moses Harmon, & Emma Goldman, who is on a speaking tour. Emma speaks to the Lucifer Circle on the theme of "Prostitution: Its Causes & Cure" & on "Free Love."



[10- 19 -1897] -- US: The St. Louis House of Delegates passes a resolution supporting the mayor's prohibition of Emma Goldman's open-air meetings. Goldman's lectures — including "Revolution" & "Why I Am an Anarchist & Communist" — are held in private halls under police surveillance. In St. Louis, she began speaking to German & English-speaking audiences on the 16th while continuing to raise money for Alexander Berkman's prison fund.



[10- 25 -1897] -- US: Traveling for hours by train & wagon to learn about the plight of farmers, Emma Goldman speaks to well-attended meetings in Caplinger Mills, Mo., home of rural anarchist Kate Austin. Her lecture topics include "The Aim of Humanity," "Religion," "Anarchy," & "Free Love."



[11- 4 -1897] -- Cipriano Mera lives (1897-1975). French anarcho-syndicalist.

Militia leader & army commander in the Spanish Revolution & militant activist.

Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]





[11- 4 -1897] -- Italy: Giuseppe Ciancabilla today publically declares himself an anarchist, in Malatesta’s paper, "L’Agitazione."

In October 1897, Ciancabilla met Malatesta to do interview for Avanti!. This meeting & the response of the PSI (Italian Socialist Party) leadership to the discussion led Ciancabilla to leave the socialist party in disgust & declare himself an anarchist. Ciancabilla was one of the important Italian figures of the anarchist movement who immigrated to the US in the late 1800s.




[11- 8 -1897] -- US: Dorothy Day, pacifist anarchist, Catholic Worker founder, lives.

  • Dorothy Day - Catholic Worker (USA)

  • Further Exemplary People for Social Justice & Religion




  • [11- 11 -1897] -- US: Commemoration of the anarchist Haymarket Martyrs held in Chicago. Emma Goldman, on a heavy lecture campaign throughout the midwest, addresses the assembly in German.

    [Details, click here]





    [11- 14 -1897] -- En-tête du numéro du 30 mars 1902 Le 14 novembre 1897, à San Francicso (Californie), sortie du premier numéro de "Free Society" journal anarchiste en langue anglaise, il succède à "The Firebrand." Il est édité par Ade Isaak, qui arrêtera la publication en 1904.


    [11- 16 -1897] -- England: Released from Reading Gaol, Oscar Wilde writes his friend Robert Ross:

    "It is curious how vanity helps keep the successful man & wrecks the failure. In old days half of my strength was my vanity."

    "The form of government which is most suitable to the artist is no government at all."

    "I think I am rather more than a Socialist. I am something of an Anarchist, I believe..."


    http://struggle.ws/ws98/ws53_wilde.html

    [11- 19 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman continues her heavy lecture campaign throughout the midwest.

    Emma Goldman, anarchist feministHaving completed lectures in Kansas City & Topeka, Kansas, in mid-November Goldman lectures four times in Detroit, aided by Robert Reitzel & his paper, Der arme Teufel.

    Today Emma speaks at the People's Tabernacle despite opposition from the congregation; the event is sensationalized in the press. In response to Goldman's talk, the deacons & members of the church request the pastor's resignation.

    Late November-December, Emma lectures in Cleveland before several liberal societies, including the Franklin Club. On Nov. 21 she lectures on "What Anarchy Means" & collects donations for the Firebrand editors.

    On her return east she delivers several successful lectures in Buffalo — where she speaks at the Trade & Labor Council Hall, the Spiritualist Temple, & before German anarchists — & Rochester, where she visits her family for the first time since 1894. Considers her meetings in Rochester, Buffalo, & Detroit to be the best of her 1897 tour.




    [11- 21 -1897] -- Russia: Mollie Steimer lives. Russian-American-Jewish-Mexican anarchist & labor agitator. Her militant activities got her deported from both the US in 1921 (after getting 15 years of prison for publishing a leaflet opposing the landing of US troops in Russia), & by Lenin in Russia (1923). Arrested as a German Jew in France, then escaped a Nazi internment camp & fled to Mexico, where she died in 1980.
    [Photo: Senya Fléchine, Voline et Mollie Steimer en 1927]
    courtesy L'Ephéméride Anarchiste

    Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]


    [11- 21 -1897] -- US: Emma Goldman, continues her heavy lecture campaign throughout the midwest.

    Having completed lectures in Kansas & Michigan, late November-December, Emma lectures in Cleveland before several liberal societies, including the Franklin Club. She lectures today, November 21, on "What Anarchy Means" & collects donations for the Firebrand editors.




    [1- 1 -1898] -- Brazil: First Rio Grande do Sul State Congress, January 1-2.

    orange diamond dingbat; new entry, remove 2007This congress brings together delgates from 10 associations, a periodical & an anarchist group. It is the first formal meeting of workers to take up social ideas in Brazil.
    Source: [ Arquivo de História Social ]




    [1- 2 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman announces her lecture topics for the year: "Charity," "Patriotism," "Authority," "Majority Rule," "The New Woman," "The Woman Question," & "The Inquisition of Our Postal Service."
    anarchist feminist

    During this period, Emma is in contact with Filipino rebels & helps to support their attempts to gain independence from Spain.





    [1- 5 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman speaks on "The New Woman" (in German) to the Social Science Club in Brooklyn. Emma Goldman, anarchist feminist

    During this period, the anarchist-feminist Emma Goldman is in contact with Filipino rebels & helps to support their attempts to gain independence from Spain.

    Emma also announces her lecture topics for the year: "Charity," "Patriotism," "Authority," "Majority Rule," "The New Woman," "The Woman Question," & "The Inquisition of Our Postal Service."





    [1- 17 -1898] -- Italy: Two day General Strike & riots in Ancône following an increase in bread prices. The army occupies the city. Errico Malatesta (publishing the newspaper L'agitazione), Luigi Fabbri & several other anarchists are charged (tried on April 21-28, 1898), with a "criminal conspiracy" against public security & property.

    Bread riots had occurred in about 50 Italian towns, providing a pretext for arresting Malatesta & other anarchists.

    When the trial was held, 3,000 anarchists signed a declaration confessing to be guilty of the same "crime," being malfattori...

    Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]




    [1- 19 -1898] -- France: George Claude Etievant, French typographer & anarchist, stabs a sentry at the Berzeliu street police station, & wounds another after being locked up.
    Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]


    [1- 21 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman lectures on anarchism in English & Yiddish in Providence without (!) interference from the mayor or police; Emma is assisted by John H. Cook, former president of the Central Labor Union. To help cover traveling expenses, she earns a percentage on sales she makes for Brady's stationery business while on tour.



    [1- 24 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman lectures on "Authority" to economics students in Boston.


    [2- 1 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman begins a 12-state lecture tour this month, through June. She addresses 66 meetings & participates in one debate. Several reporters note Goldman's improvement as a public speaker as she develops her command of the English language.



    [2- 5 -1898] -- Italy: Pietro Gori, long-time lawyer for anarchists & workers, today defends the workers & peasants being tried for their involvement in popular agitations / Pietro Gori difende assieme agli avv. Zerboglio e Dello Sbarba gli operai e i contadini di Campiglia Marittima che avevano partecipato alle agitazioni popolari d’inizio d’anno.
    Further details/ context, click here[Details / short chronology]



    [2- 13 -1898] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: Emma Goldman is scheduled to speak to the Philosophical Society in Brooklyn.



    [2- 15 -1898] -- France: Ne voulant pas prendre parti dans l'affaire Dreyfus,
    Louise Michel repart pour Londres.

    Not wanting to take party in the Dreyfus Affair,
    Louise Michel splits, once again, for London.





    [2- 16 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman begins a speaking tour, February 16-20.
    Emma's tour begins in Philadelphia where she lectures before several well-attended gatherings sponsored by the Ladies' Liberal League, the Single Tax Society, the Society of Ethical Research, & the German Anarchist Society.

    Emma notes an increasing interest in anarchism among younger members of the Friendship Liberal League, to which she lectures twice. Topics include "The Absurdity of Non-resistance to Evil," "The Basis of Morality," & "Freedom."

    Emma Goldman




    [2- 20 -1898] -- Anton Ciliga lives; philosopher, activist, anarchist. Active in the Russian Revolution. Wrote Crise d'Etat dans la Yougoslavie de Tito (1974), L'insurrection de Cronstadt et la destinée de la révolution russe (1983), etc.           

    While in one of Stalin's prisons, Anton Ciliga observed that "technical questions of organization turned out to be social questions" (Lenin & the Revolution).

    — Guy Debord, The Society of the Spectacle

    "Neither God nor Master, a voice from the depths of my subconscious whispered. Perceptible, firm, imperative. The portrait of Lenin from the table of my cell was torn in thousand pieces & tossed into the trash can... "

    — Anton Ciliga, Dix ans au pays du mensonge déconcertant





    [2- 21 -1898] -- anarchist dingbat; new entry, remove 2008Spain: Felisa de Castro Sampedro lives (d.1981). Militant anarcho-syndicalist, feminist. A founder, as is her sister Apolonia, of Agrupación Cultural Femenina in Cataluña, which merged with Mujeres Libres in 1936. Active as an exile with the CNT & Mujeres Libres (especially with Pepita Cárpena & Pilar Grangel), Castro died in Caracas, Venezuela.
    References: Efemérides Ateneo Virtual, ['Ephéméride Anarchiste], http://militants-anarchistes.info/spip.php?mot232


    [2- 23 -1898] -- US: After scheduled visits to Baltimore & Washington, D.C., Emma Goldman is invited to Pittsburgh & coal mining towns in western Pennsylvania by Carl Nold & Henry Bauer in association with the International Workingmen's Association (IWA).



    [3- 1 -1898] -- Masthead, premier issue, March 1, 1898France: In Paris du premier numéro du journal "Le Naturien,"
    anarchist diamond dingbat

    revendiquant l'indépendance absolue par le retour à la nature (et non à l'état primitif). Les principaux collaborateurs en sont illustrator Emile Gravelle &Henri Zisly. Seulement quatre numéros parurent.


    Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]http://ytak.club.fr/mars1.html#1



    [3- 12 -1898] -- Emma Goldman, anarchistUS: Emma Goldman, still on her speaking tour of Feb-June (addressing 66 meetings), is among several speakers at an international celebration of the 27th anniversary of the Paris Commune in Pittsburgh attended by 300 people.http://www.library.northwestern.edu/spec/siege/index.html



    [3- 15 -1898] -- US: Mid-March, Emma Goldman (still on her speaking tour of Feb-June, addressing 66 meetings) delivers three lectures in Cleveland, including a well-attended meeting of the Franklin Club. (Also, just weeks before his death on March 31, Emma visits the ailing Robert Reitzel in Detroit.)



    [3- 20 -1898] -- US: In Chicago, Emma Goldman, (March 20-26, during her speaking tour of Feb/June, addressing 66 meetings) is aided by Josef Peukert, who secures for her several speaking engagements before labor unions.

    "Red" Emma also visits Max Baginski, Moses Harman, & visits Michael Schwab (one of the pardoned anarchists imprisoned for charges relating to the Haymarket affair.

    [Details, click here]





    [3- 27 -1898] -- US: Red Emma Goldman lectures in Cincinnati to a large meeting of the Ohio Liberal Society.

    Brady complains about their separation; she responds by asserting her need for freedom.





    [3- 29 -1898] -- Emma Goldman, anarchist feministUS: Red Emma, still on her speaking tour of Feb-June, addressing 66 meetings, returns to Chicago for additional lectures (March 29-April 2); speaks before the gymnastic society Gut Heil in a Chicago suburb & to residents of a Jewish neighborhood in Chicago.



    [3- 31 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman lectures on "The Inquisition of Our Postal Service" to the Progressive Bohemian Labor Organization, addressing recent censorship cases, including the conviction of the "Firebrand" editors. The organization votes unanimously to adopt a resolution protesting postal censorship.



    [3- 31 -1898] -- anarchistUS: Robert Reitzel dies, in Detroit.



    [4- 2 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman, during her speaking tour of Feb-June, is honored at a farewell meeting held by the Committee on Agitation of the Progressive Labor Organizations of Chicago.



    [4- 3 -1898] -- Hot chili pepper!, anarchistUS: Emma Goldman, continuing her speaking tour of Feb-June, addressing 66 meetings) scheduled to speak in Milwaukee, today & tomorrow.



    [4- 6 -1898] --    US: "Patriotism" is among the five lectures Red Emma Goldman presents in St. Louis, April 6-10; she encounters no interference by Hizzoner or the police(!). Emma is here as part of her speaking tour of February-June, addressing 66 meetings. Local comrades note an increase of young women in attendance.



    [4- 13 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman makes her first visit to Denver, April 13-18, where she is hosted by a small group of American anarchists. Her five lectures are met with surprising enthusiasm — "The Basis of Morality" noted as her best. Sponsors include the Denver Educational Club, a largely Jewish group.



    [4- 15 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman visits Salt Lake City, mid-April.



    [4- 21 -1898] -- Italy: In Ancône, anarchists go on trial (21st-27th) for criminal conspiracy.

    The anarchists are accused of criminal conspiracy against "the public safety of people & property." The defendants are represented by the anarchist lawyers Francisco Saviero Merlino, Pietro Gori & Errico Ferri. Errico Malatesta will be sent to prison for seven months.
    Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]




    [4- 22 -1898] -- France: Adrien Perrissaguet (1898-1972) lives. Founder of "L'association des fédéralistes anarchistes" & the weekly magazine "The Libertarian Voice", & "Combat syndicaliste." An activist in the Sacco & Vanzetti committee, he also fought in the Spanish Revolution of 1936 & was a member of the French Resistance during WWII.
    http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/PerrissaguetAdrien.htm


    [4- 26 -1898] -- US: Emma Goldman in Frisco, California for speaking engagements, late April-May. EG, anarchist feminist
    Red Emma opens with a lecture on "Patriotism," which, following the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, becomes her most important & successful lecture.

    Other speeches are well attended. Emma meets Abe Isaak, former editor of the "Firebrand" & current editor of "Free Society"& also Anna Strunsky (Walling), who becomes a lifelong friend & associate, & through her, Jack London....

    Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]





    [4- 27 -1898] -- Italy: Trial of the anarchists ends. It includes Malatesta, who is sent to prison (but escapes in 1899). Bread riots also break out in Bari & Foggia.
    Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]


    [4- 28 -1898] -- Italy: In Ancône, the trial of the anarchists accused of criminal conspiracy against "the public safety & property" concludes. The trial began on the the 21st, following the failure of a General Strike in mid-January against price increases for bread. The defendants are represented by the anarchist lawyers Francisco Saviero Merlino, Pietro Gori & Errico Ferri. Errico Malatesta is sent to prison for seven months.

    Further details/ context, click here[Details / context]




    [5- 7 -1898] -- Italy: In Milan the army opens fire on demonstrators protesting high bread prices, killing hundreds. Many are arrested, among them anarchists & socialists. Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader King Humbert I decorates the General responsible for the appalling butchery.


    [5- 9 -1898] -- Italy: "Agitazione" is raided & henceforth, like all other anarchist papers in Italy, suppressed following popular revolt in Milan which took place (early in May). Samaia, Lucchini, Vezzani & Lavattero left the country; Malatesta & others were arrested.

    Further details / context, click here; anarchismo[Details / context]





    [5- 9 -1898] -- Marcel Wullens lives (1898-1928), Esquelbecq. French anarcho-syndicalist who participated, with his brother Maurice, in the review "Les humbles," the journal "L'insurgé," & helped found "La révolution prolétarienne" (without Maurice, a novelist, who broke with the anarchists in favor of the Bolsheviks, & later became an organizer, with André Breton & Leon Trotsky, of the F.I.A.R.I.). Wullens died of tuberculosis.
    http://ytak.club.fr/mai2.html#9
    http://newmedia.cgu.edu/cody/surrealism/Brenton.htm

    [5- 11 -1898] -- The Discontent: Mother of Progress, anarchist paper of Home Colony, Washington, first issued. See the Anarchist Encyclopedia, http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/HomeColony.htm



    [5- 20 -1898] -- France: Louise Michel

    Elle revient à Paris pour s'occuper de l'édition de ses oeuvres (notamment la Commune) puis regagne l'Angleterre.
    [Source: Michel Chronologie]





    [6- 4 -1898] -- US: Laurance Labadie lives (1898-1975), Individualist anarchist, son of Joseph Labadie. Represented that libertarian impulse which became known in the early decades of the 20th century as "Mutualism," blending the ideas of Josiah Warren, P.-J. Proudhon, William B. Greene, Benjamin Tucker & others.
    Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste[Details / context]


    [6- 7 -1898] -- US: In Chicago, Emma Goldman attends the first convention of Eugene Debs's Social Democracy movement; in her view it is a "fiasco." When she is at first prevented from speaking at the event, Debs personally invites the anarchist-feminist to address the convention.



    [6- 7 -1898] -- Spain: Antonio Casanova lives, (1898-1966), in Betanzos. Emigrated to Argentina at an early age, anarchist militant, editor, translator. Returned & fought during the Spanish Revolution in the 28th Division under the command of Gregorio Jover, in a unit with fellow Galician Jose Maria Montego & the legendary Simón Radowitzky. Antonio established a warm friendship with Radowitzky, becoming drinking mates who enjoyed singing the tangos of Carlos Gardel.
    http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/CasanovaAntonio.htm


    [6- 29 -1898] -- US: Michael Schwab dies. Served over six years in prison for charges relating to the anarchist Haymarket affair before he was pardoned. Hospitalized with tuberculosis, Schwab was released just months ago.
    http://www.graveyards.com/IL/Cook/foresthome/ne-haymarket3.html



    [7- 8 -1898] -- France: May Picqueray, militant anarchist, lives (1893-1983), Châteaubriant, Bretagne.

    Editor of the newspaper "Le Réfractaire." Picqueray was sent to Moscow by her union, where she opposed the tightening Bolshevik grip & protested the repression (helping get anarchists, such as Senya Fleshin, out of prison).

    She also received the famed anarchist guerrilla Nestor Makhno as a refugee in Paris, fought to save Sacco & Vanzetti, & founded the journal "Le Réfractaire."

    Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste,  anarchismo, anarchici, anarchico, Anarþist, ANARÞÝZM, Anarþizmin, anarþizme, Anarþist, anarquista, anarchisten, anarchie, anarkismo, anarchisme, anarho, kalendario, anarchica, Libertaria [Details / context]





    [7- 8 -1898] -- France: A colony is founded in the Paris suburbs by anarchist Georges Butaud.
    Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste,  anarchismo, anarchici, anarchico, Anarþist, ANARÞÝZM, Anarþizmin, anarþizme, Anarþist, anarquista, anarchisten, anarchie, anarkismo, anarchisme, anarho, kalendario, anarchica, Libertaria [More on colonies founded by Butaud]



    [7- 15 -1898] -- Belgium: Ernest Ernestan (aka Ernest Tanrez) lives, Ghent. Militant, writer, theorist of libertarian socialism, & a significant figure of Belgian anarchism.




    [7- 16 -1898] -- US: Photographer Berenice Abbott lives, Springfield, Ohio.(1898-1991). Best known for her documentary photographs of New York City.

    Abbott got her start as a assistant to the anarchist / surrealist Man Ray & is credited with teaching him to dance & also rediscovering the French photographer Eugene Atget.

    She played bit parts in Eugene O’Neill plays & was adopted as "the daughter" of the legendary anarchist Hippolyte Havel.

    1929-1939, Berenice Abbott spent 10 years photographing New York City as it changed. She received funding from the WPA from 1935 to 1939 & selected 305 photos for the New Deal project. The complete work was compiled by Bonnie Yochelson & published in 1997: Berenice Abbott: Changing New York.

    http://www.manray-photo.com/



    [7- 16 -1898] -- France: Pierre Desgranges (aka Granges) (1865-1898) dies. Anarchist militant, like his father, & brother Victor.

    Moved to Lyons in 1890. Here he is active in numerous anarchist groups: "Jeunesse antipatriote," "Les Ennemis de toute candidature,""Ni dieu ni maître" (which earn him several police searches). Particpates in the 1896 conferences of Sebastien Faure & tries to create a new revue, "Jeuness " (producing only 2 or 3 numbers). Seriously ill, Desgranges dies at age 33.

    http://ytak.club.fr/juillet3.html#16



    [7- 30 -1898] -- Italy: As a wave of anti-worker & anti-anarchist repression intensifies following riots in Milan, Amilcare Cipriani & five other anarchists are sent to prison with sentences ranging from 1-5 years.

    Italian anarchist involved in the Paris Commune, & a friend of Lissagaray, Cipriani was condemned to death for his role in the Paris Commune, but sent to a prison colony at New Caledonia. He returned to France with the amnesty of 1880, but was expelled.

    Arrested in Italy, January 1881 for "conspiracy," he was sent to prison for 20 years, but a campaign to secure his release freed him 1888. Cipriani returned to France & wrote for the anarchist press, with "Le Plébéien" & other libertarian papers. In 1897, he went to Greece to fight against the Turks (he was wounded).

    Today he is sent to prison for three years.

    Further details/ context, click here; anarchiste,  anarchismo, anarchici, anarchico, anarchica, libertaria[Details / context]

    "Distinctly foreign events & concerns, such as the plight of Russian nihilists or of Irish tenants, often received more attention from Liberty than American concerns. Tucker was outraged by the imprisonment of the Italian Amilcare Cipriani, the trial of Louise Michel, & the plight of Russian refugees in Paris."

    "Benjamin Tucker, Liberty, & Individualist Anarchism," Wendy McElroy




    [7- 30 -1898] -- Juan Puig Elias lives (1898-1972), Sallent (Barcelone). Spanish teacher & militant anarcho-syndicalist.

    Founder of "l'Escola Natura" based on the educational ideas of Francisco Ferrer.

    A C.N.T. activist, invovled with C.E.N.U. (Council of the New School Unified) during the Spanish Revolution. Following Franco's victory, Juan Puig fled to France where he was interned in concentration camps, then fought against the Nazis with the Resistance. In 1946, he joined the C.N.T. E (in Exile) & became secretary for culture & propaganda. In 1952 he moved to Oporto Alegre, Brazil. Participated in a Spanish mutal aid group to help those suffering from the Franco repression.

    http://ytak.club.fr/juillet4.html#31



    [8- 9 -1898] -- Bulgaria: Vassil Ikonomov lives (1898-1925), Aïtos.

    Anti-fascist anarchist guerrilla fighter & an important figure in the Bulgarian movement. Fighting the dictatorship of Stambolijski, Ikonomov organized partisan groups which included anarchists, Communists, & members of the peasants' party.


    Further details/ context, click here; libertaire, anarchiste, anarquista,  anarchisten[Details / context]



    [8- 11 -1898] -- Belgium: In Brussels, the police chief of Monmaerts tries to arrest the anarchist Henri Willems at his home, & is welcomed with gun shots. Willems manages to flee.

    As a youth Henri Willems worked as a sculptor, & in 1893 ran the Belgian "Libertaire" newspaper, which was prohibited by the police on February 20, 1894, following publication of articles inciting civil disobedience in memory of Auguste Vaillant.

    In 1895 Willems was sentenced to 2 -1/2 years in prison for his articles in "Libertaire" & the newspaper "Antipatriote."

    In 1898 Willems got into a shootout with the cops when they tried to arrest him.

    [Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]




    [8- 14 -1898] -- France: Elise Freinet lives (1898-1981). Militant & teacher, anarchist, companion of Célestin Freinet. Together they founded "l'Ecole Freinet," & "L'Institut Coopératif de l'Ecole Moderne" (part of the Modern School movement).


    [8- 24 -1898] -- Portugal: Francisco Quintal lives, (1898-1987), à Funchal (Ile de Madère). Important militant, propagandist, & anarcho-syndicalist. General secretary of the Portuguese Anarchist Union (UAP), & director of its paper, "O Anarquista". Quintal was involved in many anarchist ogranizations & newspapers, including the important Valencia meeting in 1927, founding of the FAI (Federación Anarquista Ibérica), the "Centre de Culture Libertaire," & editing the journal "Voz Anarquista".


    [8- 28 -1898] -- orange diamond dingbat; new entry, remove 2008Peru: Government prevents Manuel González Prada delivering his speech "Free Thought of Action" to the the third Conference organized for the League of Freethinkers of Peru.
    http://www.evergreen.loyola.edu/~tward/gp/english/freethought.htm


    [9- 10 -1898] -- Switzerland: Anarchist Luigi Luccheni (1873-1910) stabs Empress Elizabeth of Austria, in Geneva, using a frayed file, to strike against "the persecutors of the workers." The Swiss courts condemned him to forced labor. Found hung in prison in 1910.


    [9- 20 -1898] -- Brazil: Italian Polenice Mattei, Brazil's first anarchist martyr, assassinated in São Paulo.http://revolunyo.weblogger.terra.com.br/#


    [9- 22 -1898] -- France: André Respaut lives (1898-1973). Author, resistance fighter, anarchist, survivor of Buchenwald, worked with deportees.


    [10- 15 -1898] -- [October 15]
    anarchist diamond dingbat; new entry, remove 2007
    Jean Brault today attends the founding meeting for the group "Les Cravacheurs" in La Salle, Illinois. The group met two Saturdays per month at its residence at 334 Channel Street.

    Brault, a French miner, born in Courrières (Pas-de-Calais), emigrated to the US & was involved in militant activities in Spring Valley, Pennsylvania & La Salle in the 1890s. Brault moved to socialism & joined the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) in 1910.

    Source: Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes, http://militants-anarchistes.info/



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