The Daily Bleed Reference Page for November: A Calendar Better Than Boiled Coffee!

Our Daily Bleed...

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The Daily Bleed Detail Reference Page for the month of November
The following entries provide details, subtext or background relating to dated events cited in the Daily Bleed Calendar, linked from there to the date(s) cited here.
The Daily Bleed Calendar in full, & access to the pages for this month, are accessible at http://www.recollectionbooks.com/bleed/calmast.htm

1841 -- [November 1] Charles Ange Laisant, French Conseiller Général in Nantes, Député in Paris (18ème) who later became an anarchist under the influence of his son Albert. Wrote educational texts for children, in mathematics, physics, etc. Friend & correspondent with Francisco Ferrer.
Laisant launched a larger letter writing campaign in 1909 when Francisco Ferrer was jailed & murdered by the Spanish government.
Alphonso XIII was a member of the Astronomy Society of France, & Laisant wanted the king's membership suspended. Laisant corresponded with several important figures, including Gabrielle Camille Flammarion, Alfred Naquet, & Francisco Galceran, accusing the king of being a murderer & thus unfit to be a member of the society. It was decided that the Astronomy Society would publish a pamphlet, A La Porte de L'Assassin (Oust the Murderer!) signed by all senior members of the society. The pamphlet was published in 1910.

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1919 -- [November 1] US: More than 400,000 miners across the country go on strike.
This fall insurgent miners take over the United Mine Workers (UMW) convention in Cleveland — even though union officials tried to exclude rebellious locals. Prior to the convention, the union supplied scabs to help mine owners put down wildcat strikes.
Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Woody "Liberal" Wilson declares the nationwide strike unlawful. A federal injunction sequesters the union strike fund & prohibit union leaders from taking any action in support of the strike. Federal troops enter the minefields of Utah, Washington, New Mexico, Oklahoma & Pennsylvania.
For nearly a month, coal miners ignore union orders to cancel the strike.
In Kansas, mine owners use college students for labor. In Montana, federal troops force miners back to work, & North Dakota takes over mines under martial law.
The miners reluctantly return to work when Wilson orders an immediate 14-percent wage increase & establishes an arbitration commission.
See: Jeremy Brecher, Strike!, page 134-35

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1939 -- [November 1] 40th anniversary of the New York Yiddish anarchist weekly, the "Freie Arbeiter Stimme" (Free Voice of Labor). ... show details

Contributors were diverse, including Thomas Bell, Harry Kelly, Anatol' Konse, Max Nomad, Rudolf Rocker, Augustin Souchy, Max Nettlau, David Edelstadt, Abba Gordin, Moishe Shtarkman, & Saul Yanovsky. The paper was also known for publishing poetry by di Yunge, Yiddish poets of the 1910s & 1920s. & Christian Cornelissen. Editors included David Edelshtat (briefly, before his death at age 25), Mark Mratchny was an editor in the 1930s (an exiled Ukrainian anarchist & former editor of Nabat (The Alarm), the organ of the anarchist Nabat Federation during the Makhnovist-Bolshevik peace agreement), Joseph Cohen, Ahrne Thornberg [as Ahrne Thorne]. Fanny Breslau, Sara Rothman, Jack Frager served on its managing/editorial board.

Editors included Saul Yanofsky, who roundly condemned Alexander Berkman for his act against Frick, & later Emma Goldman for supporting Czolgolsz.
Yanofsky had come from England, where he had edited the "Arbeiter Freund"; he was clever & wielded an incisive pen. He also accused of Nestor Makhno of anti-Semitism, but failed to produce any proof when challenged by Makhno.

See the documentary by Steve Fischler & Joel Sucher: Free Voice of Labor: The Jewish Anarchists (1980) focusing on the lives & ideas of the Jewish anarchists associated with "Freie Arbeiter Stimme" (1890-1977). Participants recall labor struggles, especially in the needle trades, the repression of radicals during the post-World War I "Red scare," & the cooperative ventures they undertook in such areas as housing & free schools. The film includes interviews with the anarchists, rare newsreel & feature film footage, still photographs, Yiddish "songs of struggle," & music from the Yiddish theater.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freie_Arbeiter_Stimme http://www.spunk.org/library/biblio/sp001652.html
http://ytak.club.fr/juillet1.html#3

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1888 -- [November 3] Australia: Larry Petrie is apparently a late-comer to the Melbourne Anarchist Club (MAC), as Sam Rosa is, leading debates on 9th June 1888 on 'Anarchy', on 10 August 1888 'the Chinese', today ("Individualism" the topic) & 8th December1888 ("Equity").
He spoke frequently at the Queen's Wharf & 'travelled' in tea taking the opportunity to talk with his customers about social change, especially women in slum areas & prostitutes 'for whom he had great sympathy.'
An anarchist, & Australian Workers Union (AWU) Secretary-Organiser in Sydney, "(He) used to sing in a good, baritone voice The Marseillaise to gather a good crowd around him .... Raising his only arm when he sang 'to arms, my citizens' was always good for a laugh ....."
http://www.takver.com/history/petrie.htm

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1968 -- [November 3] Germinal De Sousa, dies, Lisbon. Participant in the Spanish Revolution of 1936, fighting with the column "Tierra y Libertad". Son of Manuel Joaquim de Sousa & secretary of F.A.I. (Iberian Anarchist Federation), 1938-1939.
The FAI was an idea, a proposal promoted by the Portuguese militant Manuel Joaquim de Sousa, with backing from Manuel Peres Fernandes who had been deported from Brazil in 1919 by the Epitacio Pessoa government & found refuge in Lisbon in 1923-1924 with Doctor Pedro Vallina & his family. His son, Germinal de Sousa, a refugee in Spain at the time was also on hand. From the outset, he was a member of the new anarchist body & was a participant, along with other Portuguese delegates, in the National Plenum of Regionals held in Madrid on 30 & 31 October 1927. ... show details

Several delegates from the Portuguese Anarchist Federation & from exiles were also present at the FAI meeting on 31 January & 1 February 1936.
See also: We, The Anarchists, a study of the FAI, 1927-1931 by Stuart Christie (The Meltzer Press)

Shirley F. FREDERICKS (History, Adams State College)
Just completed Ph.D. dissertation, "The Social & Political Thought of Federica Montseny, Spanish Anarchist, 1923-1937" (Department of History, The University of New Mexico). Currently I am involved in two research projects: A History of the Iberian Anarchist Federation, 1919-1939 (with Robert Kern); & research, revision, & expansion of my dissertation topic into a biography of Montseny, 1905 to the present. Both projects entail research in the United States & Europe.

Background on Spain,
http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/history/spain/
http://struggle.ws/spain/birth_fai.html
http://flag.blackened.net/rocker/aasind.htm

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1896 -- [November 4] US: In Philadelphia, Emma Goldman speaks at the Ladies' Liberal League about her "Experiences on Blackwell's Island."
On Nov. 8, she delivers two lectures — before a mass meeting called by a Jewish group to honor the Haymarket Martyrs & to raise money for Alexander Berkman, the second on "Woman's Cause" to the Young Men's Liberal League.
November 11-15, she lectures in Baltimore & raises money for Berkman's appeal.
November 18-26, following an appearance in Buffalo, Goldman lectures to enthusiastic audiences in Pittsburgh, primarily in German, & continues to raise money for the Berkman fund. Topics include "The Jews in America," "Anarchism in America," & "The Effect of the Recent Election on the Condition of the Workingmen." Her concluding lecture addresses the Haymarket Affair.

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1897 -- [November 4] Cipriano Mera lives (1897-1975). French anarcho-syndicalist.
Construction worker; participated in the anarchist uprising in Saragossa in 1933; directed in 1936 the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) strike to protect the Popular Front government; militia leader & army commander in the Spanish Revolution; participated in the battles of Madrid, Guadalajara & Brunette; joined the 'Casado revolt' & broke the communist resistance against the National Defence Council in 1939; arrested in Algeria & imprisoned for seven years; went to France, where he was active in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) in exile.

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1921 -- [November 4] Victorine Brocher-Rouchy, French militant anarchist, dies (1838-1921)
Born into a family with a long revolutionary tradition, she became involved in republican & socialist activities in the 1850s; married in 1861 Jean Rouchy with whom she participated in the 1860s in Orleans & Paris in several socialist groups; with her husband active in the Paris Commune in 1871, she managed to escape first to Switzerland & later to London, while her husband was imprisoned & died in captivity; returned to Lyon & then to Paris in 1878, & became very active in anarchist circles; member of the group that published "La Révolution Sociale"; Parisian delegate to the London Congress of 1881 where she met Gustave Brocher (1850-1931), whom she married in 1887; published in 1911 her memoirs up to 1871 Souvenirs d'une morte vivante.
"Ihre anti-republikanische Grundhaltung machte sie auch für anti-bourgeoise Argumente empfänglich und so wurden sie nun zu wichtigen Stützen der Pariser Kommune. Dabei wirkte sich auch aus, daß Mitglieder der Pariser Internationale - insbesondere Eugène Varlin und Natalie Lemel mit der Lebensmittelkooperative „La Marmite" , oder auch die Internationale Victorine Brocher mit einer Bäckereigenossenschaft - sich schon seit Ende der sechziger Jahre darum bemüht hatten, der Kooperativbewegung ein politisch-sozialistisches Profil zu geben."
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre1.html#4
http://members.aol.com/AnSchrupp/Pariser-Kommune.html

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1936 -- [November 4] Spain: Four leaders of the anarcho-syndicalist CNT [Confederacion Nacional del Trabajo], the largest union in the country, bag their principles during the Spanish Revolution & join the new Republican "Popular Front" government as Cabinet Ministers:
Juan Garcia Oliver (Justice), Juan Peiro (Industry) Juan Lopez Sanchez (Trade), Federica Montseny (Health; she is the first woman minister in a Spanish cabinet). Actions such as these undermine the Social Revolution, turning it into just another "Civil War".
See Camillo Berneri's "Open letter to comrade Federica Montseny", http://struggle.ws/berneri/in_government.html & also Vernon Richards' scathing critique, Lessons of the Spanish Revolution (Freedom Press).
http://www.municipio.re.it/manifestazioni/berneri/dopo.htm

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1936 -- [November 4] Spain: Juan Peiro Belis (1887-1942) appointed Minister of Industry in the Republican government under Caballero Largo.
Spanish anarcho-syndicalist theorist & militant in the CNT. Assiduous writer for the confederal & libertarian press. His government participation, of short duration, was heresy to libertarian principles. Such acts, argued as "justifiable" in a state of war, will not prevent defeat, nor the treason of the Stalinist participants.
With the defeat in Spain, Peiro took refuge in France in 1939, but was turned over to Franco by Pétain's fascist government. He was shot on July 24, 1942 after refusing to collaborate with the Franco government. (His son, José Peiro, devoted a book to him; see 26 December 17.)

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1933 -- [November 5] Spain: Rogelio Madrigal Torres lives. Catalan anarchist guérilla with Sabaté's group; trapped & shot down by the army in 1960.
In 1956, Madrigal deserts the Spanish army, taking refuge in Dijon, France, where he works as mason.
At the end of December 1959, Madrigal crosses the Spanish border with Francisco Sabaté, along with Antonio Miracle, Francisco Conesa & Martin Ruiz, to continue the undergound fight against Francoism.
Rogelio is cut down in the night of January 3, 1960, encircled by the army at a Sarriá de Ter farmhouse (near Gerone).

http://ytak.club.fr/novembre1.html#mardrigal
http://es.geocities.com/paisajes_guerrilla/catalonia.html

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1886 -- [November 6] England: "Die Autonomie" first appears. A German language anarchist-communist weekly magazine published in London by R. Gunderson & edited by Josef Peukert.
The Autonomy group, which also included Otto Rinke, & Claus Timmermann, opposed Johann Most's "Freiheit" group. Peukert & Rinke fought bitterly with the collectivists, Blanquists & revolutionary social democrats, advocating instead the anarchist-communism of Peter Kropotkin. Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, & other comrades in the US also joined Autonomy following Emma's falling out with Most.
The bulk of the of the writing was by Peukert & P. Wallhausen, but also included many internationally-known anarchists. The magazine was heavily repressed in Germany. Angnes Reinhold, for example, was sent to prison for six years for distributing it ("a highly-traitorous enterprise, offensive to the government, & violating the public order”) & Albert Behr received over two years.
"Die Autonomie" appears until April 22, 1893, ending with its 211th number.
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre1.html#6

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1924 -- [November 6] Spain: Revolt in Vera de Bidassoa. Anarchists & civil guards clash for two days. A guard is killed, two militants die, four wounded, 19 taken prisoner. Pablo Martin, Enrique Gil, & Julián Santillan are condemned & executed.
On November 6, 1924, to Barcelona, in connection with the group which tries to pass the border to Vera de Bidasoa, an attempt at attack is carried out against the barracks of Atarazanas by militants of the C.N.T, but for lack of coordination the operation also fails.
Two stopped militants, Jose LLACER & Juan MONTEJO, will pass in the Council of war. Condemned to death, they are carried out on November 10. In the night of November 6, 1924, in Vera de Bidasoa (border Basco-Navarrese). A group of anarchistic militants of the C.N.T, whose Durruti, crosses the Spanish border with an aim of causing an insurrection against the dictatorial régime of Firstly of Will rivet. A shooting takes place with the civil Guard. Two guards are killed during the confrontation. The guerrillas are taken at once in hunting, they then try to turn over to France; 2 militants are killed, 4 are wounded & 19 prisoners are made. Three of the stopped militants answering the names of Enrique GIL, Julián SANTILLAN & Pablo MARTIN will be condemned to died & will be carried out in Pampelune (except Pablo Martin which will commit suicide in prison).
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre1.html#6
http://struggle.ws/spain/pam_intro.html

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1919 -- [November 7] US: Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman send out a 3,000-piece solicitation to raise support for political prisoners, the fight against deportation of aliens, & to announce their proposed lecture tour scheduled to begin at the end of the month. ... show details

"The end of World War I & the year 1919 saw the beginning of an era known as the Red Scare in which the United States government became hysterically xenophobic regarding pro-socialist foreigners living in the country. Attorney General, Mitchell Palmer, hired a young investigator, J. Edgar Hoover to lead a witchunt against radicalism in America, & Hoover came up with over 450,000 names of suspected radicals & wrote the first government study of communism called “The Report On Radicalism.” Radicals & labor leaders had been striking, marching, & writing vociferously against government & corporate oppression, & in some cases, detonating bombs.
On November 7, 1919, the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution, over 10,000 suspected communists & anarchists were arrested. Palmer & Hoover found no evidence of a proposed revolution, but a large number of these suspects were held without trial for a long time. The vast majority were eventually released, but Emma Goldman & 247 other people, were deported to Russia.
On January 2, 1920, another 6,000 were arrested nationwide & held without trial. These raids took place in several cities & became known as the Palmer Raids.
A. Mitchell Palmer & John Edgar Hoover found no evidence of a proposed revolution, but large numbers of these suspects, many of them members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), continued to be held without trial. When Palmer announced that the communist revolution was likely to take place on May 1st, mass panic took place. In New York, five elected Socialists were expelled from the legislature.
An excellent book detailing the Red Scare is William Preston, Jr.’s Aliens & Dissenters: Federal Suppression Of Radicals, 1903-1933"

Text excerpted from a much larger article, "The War on You: U.S. Government Targeting Of Amercian Dissidents - Part I" by Carolyn Baker,
http://mail.psychedelic-library.org/pipermail/theharderstuff/20061011/000931.html

Justice moving swiftly, on December 21 Berkman, Goldman & 247 radical aliens are forceably removed to the leaky rust-bucket S.S. Buford ("The Soviet Ark"), & deported to Russia from the "Land of the Free."

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1928 -- [November 9 ] Uruguay: At 4 am, in Montevideo, 300 stalwarts from the police force & the army encircle the house at 41-J.J. Rousseau street, trapping anarchist illegalists inside. Those sent to prison escape thanks to a tunnel built by anarchist comrades.

300 men of the police force & the Uruguyan army encircle the house of the 41 street J-J. Rousseau. Inside the anarchists expropriateurs are who directed the exchange office Messina, on October 25, 1928. They are in fact three Catalan anarchists: Jaime Tadeo Peña, 22 year old glazier; Agustin Garcia Capdevilla, cabinetmaker 23 year old & Pedro Boadas Rivas, 32 years glazier.
Also in the house the illegalists Antonio & Vicente Moretti & their partners Pura Ruiz & Dolores Rom & their two children.
To avoid certain death, they decide to go, except Antonio Moretti who burns the money & is shot in the head.
The prisoners “will be then questioned” by the police chief Luis Pardeiro & will be sent to the prison of Puenta Carretas from where they will escape on March 18, 1931 thanks to the tunnel built by Miguel Arcangel Roscigna, Gino Gatti, Andrés Vasquez Paredes, Fernando Malvicini & Jose Manuel Paz.
... show details

// Montevideo, il est 4 heures du matin, quand 300 hommes de la police et de l'armée uruguayenne encerclent la maison du 41 rue J-J. Rousseau. A l'intérieur se trouvent les anarchistes expropriateurs qui ont braqué le bureau de change Messina, le 25 octobre 1928. Il s'agit en fait de trois anarchistes catalans: Jaime Tadeo Peña, vitrier de 22 ans; Agustin Garcia Capdevilla, ébéniste de 23 ans et Pedro Boadas Rivas, 32 ans vitrier. Se trouvent également dans la maison les illégalistes Antonio et Vicente Moretti ainsi que leurs compagnes Pura Ruiz et Dolores Rom et leurs deux enfants. Pour éviter une mort certaine, ils décident de se rendre, sauf Antonio MORETTI qui brûle l'argent du braquage et se tire une balle dans la tête. Les prisonniers seront ensuite "interrogés" par le commissaire Luis Pardeiro et envoyés à la prison de Puenta Carretas d'où ils s'évaderont le 18 mars 1931 grâce au tunnel construit par Miguel Arcangel Roscigna, Gino Gatti, Andrés Vasquez Paredes, Fernando Malvicini et José Manuel Paz.
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre2.html

1931 - Montevideo (Uruguay), en la cárcel de Punta Carretas, los anarquistas expropiadores Jaime Tadeo Peña, Agustin Garcia Capdevilla, Pedro Boadas Rivas y Vicente Moretti, (arrestados el 9 de noviembre de 1928 tras el atraco de la oficina de cambio Messina) acompañados por tres detenidos de derecho común, se fugan de la célebre prisión tras haber excavado en los baños un túnel de 50 metros de largo y 4 de profundidad. El túnel desembocaba en un almacen de carbón abierto en agosto de 1929 por el anarquista Gino Gatti, quien será el verdadero "ingeniero" del túnel, ayudado por José Manuel Paz (quien se encargará de la instalación eléctrica y la ventilación) y por Miguel Roscigna, Andrés Vazquez Paredes y Fernando Malvicini. Una pancarta lo puso en evidencia : "La Solidaridad entre lxs anarquistas no es una simple palabra escrita".
http://www.alasbarricadas.org/ateneovirtual/index.php/18_de_marzo

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1891 -- [November 10] Simón Radowitzky lives. Legendary Polish anarchist who killed police chief Ramon Falcon & his secretary with a bomb, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 14 November 1909.
alt; Simon (Szymon) Radowicki
... show details

Simón non era outro que Radowitzky, aquel lexendario anarquista que vengara aos traballadores asasinados polo Coronel Falcón, xefe da Policía arxentina. Isto aconteceu o primeiro de maio de 1909. O coronel ordenou disparar contra a multitude indefensa. O mozo Simón en novembro dese mesmo ano cunha bomba faría voar polos aires ao sanguento Coronel Falcón. O mozo anarquista xa participara do intento revolucionario de 1905 en Rusia, cando unha bala dos cosacos zaristas lle atravesara un pulmón. O polaco Simón Radowizky pasouse vinte anos no penal de Ushuaia ata que o indultou Yrigoyen en 1930 coa condición de que se fose do país.
Despois dunha tempada no Uruguai transladouse a España e durante a guerra civil instalouse en Barcelona.
In English see http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/RadowitzkySimon.htm
See: Yidish Anarkhistishe Grupe. Simon Radovitsky un dos gefangenish fun Ushuaia (Di shtime fun mayn gevisn). [Simon Radowitzky & The Prison Of Ushuaia (The Voice Of My Conscience)] Buenos Aires: Yidish Anarkhistishe Grupe, 1929. 20pp.
More, regards his [assassination of Falcon]
http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/world/eu/poland/
Latin American anarchism
http://www.cinemah.com/spostati/feinmann/sofri.htm
See also Simón Radowitzky ¿mártir o asesino? by Osvaldo Bayer
http://peru.indymedia.org/news/2004/11/12082.php

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1936 -- [November 10] Melchor Rodríguez García became the government's special delegate for the prisons of Madrid, as one of the anarchists to be accepted into the government for their support of the Republicans. At that post, he was responsible not only for the upkeep of the prisoners and prevention of escapes, but — more importantly — for prevention of lynching, proposed by numerous members of various militias. Within four days he resigned because of horrific & uncontrollable irregularities within the prisons. During the war, the problem of extra-legal execution of prisoners was serious & quite common.

Rodríguez was reappointed in December & was able to bring conditions under control, exposed Communist terror squads & prevent various militias from removing prisoners.
... show details

El 10 de noviembre de 1936 el Gobierno nombró Director General de Prisiones al anarquista Melchor Rodríguez García, pero éste renuncia al puesto cuatro días después, cuando constata que a sus espaldas los comunistas seguían fusilando a presos por la noche. El enfrentamiento del que sería apodado “el ángel rojo” con la Junta de Defensa pone de manifiesto que, con el Gobierno en Valencia, en Madrid realmente gobernaba dicha junta. Pero el 4 de diciembre Melchor es nombrado de nuevo para el mismo cargo, esta vez con plenos poderes: Desde entonces terminaron las irregularidades. Inmediatamente prohibió que los traslados y libertades se produjeran entre las seis de la tarde y las ocho de la mañana; ordenando que, en caso de duda, se le llamara personalmente para acompañar a los detenidos y garantizar su seguridad, como hizo varias veces. Expulsó a los milicianos de las cárceles, y restituyó a los Oficiales de Prisiones. El mismo día 4 de diciembre tres elementos de la C.N.T. se personaron en la cárcel de Porlier, desarmaron a los milicianos del tribunal comunista y, acompañados por Melchor, los encerraron en celdas individuales. En adelante toda orden de traslado o libertad debería llevar su sello y firma, no la del trágico Poncela. El 8 de diciembre se presentó en Alcalá de Henares, y encarándose a la turba y a 200 milicianos armados impidió el asalto a la cárcel y, de este modo, el asesinato de los 1.532 allí detenidos.
http://monclovitas.com/foro/showthread.php?t=31011

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1938 -- [November 10 ] France: Premier of issue of "S.I.A.," the weekly paper of International Solidarity Antifascist, in Paris.

Written in French, Spanish & Italian, for & by antifascist political refugees, for the past year SIA appeared within the pages of "Le Libertaire."
Louis Lecoin, Nicolas Faucier & Vintrigner oversaw the publication of SIA, & contributors were primarily from activists involved in the defense of freedom & social justice, mobilized now in support of the Spanish people in their fight against Fascism.
SIA's press run reached as high as 50,000 copies, but, at the end of July 1939, government repression brought the paper to an abrupt halt: Robert Louzon, Henri Jeanson were sent to prison for 18 months for articles they wrote in defense of the Tunisian people & Vintrigner, Lecoin & Faucier were sent to prison for two years, convicted for producing anarchist propaganda urging soldiers to disobey orders.
SIA last regularly appears on August 3, 1939, though it does reappear during the post-war period, in 1947, & publishes an annual calendar.

http://ytak.club.fr/novembre2.html#sia
Graphic: SIA logo & SIA calendar cover for 1948; courtesy Ephéméride Anarchiste

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1949 -- [November 10] Louis Rimbault dies. French libertarian militant & proponent of of vegetarianism.
Rimbault lived in the libertarian communist Colony of Bascon (Aisne) (1910-1912). When convicted for "complicity" in Bonnot Gang activities, he feigned mental illness to gain his release. He was an active opponent of state communism, & a porponent of vegetarianism, writing for the newspaper "Néo-naturien."
Rimbault is credited for "the basconaise," a single dish recipe made up of about 30 vegetables, which he believed would aid in reconstituting the human body. Victim of an accident in 1932, he was an invalid until his death. Rimbault wrote numerous booklets on vegetarianism, & contributed to Sébastien Faure's famed Anarchist Encyclopaedia.
http://ytak.club.fr/avril2.html#9
http://www.chez.com/durru/bonnot/bonnot.htm
http://flag.blackened.net/ksl/bullet15.htm#Faure

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1863 -- [November 11] Paul Signac lives, (1863-1935), Paris. French artist & contributor, along with Aristide Delannoy, Maximilien Luce, Alexandre Steinlen, Theo van Rysselberghe, Camille Pissarro, Van Dongen, George Willaume, etc., to the anarchist magazine "Temps Nouveaux".

Dave,
I have checked a used book — your stock in trade, I believe. It is in fact a very well used book, the 1961 edition, revised & enlarged, of John Rewald's basic book on Impressionism...
... show details

Paul Signac was the last painter to join the Impressionist group before it dissolved. At the age of sixteen. Signac was excited about new art. He visited the fifth exhibition of the group, which took place throughout the month of April, 1880. Gauguin exhibited seven paintings & a marble bust.
When Signac started making sketches after Degas, Gauguin threw him out, saying "One doesn't copy here, sir."
In June, 1880, Claude Monet organized a one-man show which made a great impression on Signac.
In March, 1882, the group pulled together another exhibition, & among the visitors were Seurat & Signac, who came separately to study the works of their elders. & this is when Felix Feneon first comes into the story. He was at the time recently appointed to a position in the War Ministry, but he was interested in art, & he closely examined the paintings in the show.
In 1886 Signac became a follower of Pissarro by definitely adopting divisionism as a technique. In the eighth (& last) exhibition of the group, Seurat & Signac were included. That summer he was with Lucien Pissarro, Camille's son, & exchanged some letters with Seurat. & after that, it is no longer a part of the History of Impressionism, which I have at my fingertips, but a part of the History of Post-Impressionism, which is at my daughter's house on the other side of town...
More on Paul Signac & selected associates. "Seurat would meet his friends at . . . The regular Monday gatherings in Signac’s studio in the Avenue de Clichy, where Signac welcomed his painter friends & some men of letters such as . . . Paul Adam . . . etc.
"On other occasions, Seurat, together with Signac . . . joined a group of poets & writers where from 1884 to 1886 almost every day gathered . . . Félix Fénéon, Paul Adam . . . & their friends.
"At this brasserie, symbolism was born.
"All the little reviews had in common a feverish eagerness, a self-righteousness, a lofty intolerance, & an even loftier independence of spirit, together with a great frugality. They practically never paid contributors, & Fénéon . . . far from drawing a salary, actually sometimes defrayed printer’s costs.
"Their fondness for . . .the most precious, archaic, & unusual words . . . took such proportions that Paul Adam soon felt compelled to issue a Small Glossary to Serve for the Comprehension of the Decadent & Symbolist Authors.
"At the Taverne Anglaise, there appeared most of Fénéon’s painter friends, Pissarro, Seurat, Signac . . . "Those who were born between 1855 & 1865 were . . . Seurat . . . Signac . . . Fénéon (born in Italy of French Parents) "Some had means which permitted them to work independently . . . Seurat, Signac . . .
"Paul Adam, who bore the enviable distinction of having been condemned for the alleged immorality of one of his novels was [a dandy] & in addition was generally accompanied by a ‘rheumatic greyhound.’
"Fénéon shared their pencant for oddities; when he did not wear his silk top hat he would sport a greatcoat or full tippet cape . . . his pointed beard contributed to making him look like Uncle Sam. Fénéon’s attire was completed by a small black felt hat, dark red gloves, & . . . black patent leather shoes.
"Fénéon occasionally told stories that would have made young maids blush . . . Signac was . . . outspoken & loud; he reveled in the use of an extensive but unprintable vocabulary.
" . . .all were committed to the extreme left. Political matters were of grave concern to them, & their convictions were . . . inseparable from their works."
John Rewald, Post Impressionism

— Wild Bill Koehnline
(Only Bleedster who was president of Oakton College & only Bleedster with an art museum named in his honor, the William A Koehnline Museum)
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/signac_paul.html
http://artchive.com/artchive/S/signac.html

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1897 -- [November 11] US: Commemoration of the anarchist Haymarket Martyrs held in Chicago. Emma Goldman, on a heavy lecture campaign throughout the midwest, addresses the assembly in German.
... show details

Having completed lectures in Kansas City & Topeka, Kansas, in mid-November Goldman lectures four times in Detroit, aided by Robert Reitzel & his paper, Der arme Teufel. On Nov. 19, Goldman speaks at the People's Tabernacle despite opposition from the congregation; the event is sensationalized in the press. In response to Goldman's talk, the deacons & members of the church request the pastor's resignation.
Late November-December, Goldman lectures in Cleveland before several liberal societies, including the Franklin Club. On Nov. 21 she lectures on "What Anarchy Means" & collects donations for the Firebrand editors.
On her return east she delivers several successful lectures in Buffalo — where she speaks at the Trade & Labor Council Hall, the Spiritualist Temple, & before German anarchists — & Rochester, where she visits her family for the first time since 1894. Considers her meetings in Rochester, Buffalo, & Detroit to be the best of her 1897 tour.

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1918 -- [November 11] 11th hour / 11th day / 11th month... Thu, 11 Nov 1999 12:55:53 -0500
From: Flames To: bibliomania@mediawest.com
[Once again, my traditional 11/11 post]
On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month
the guns finally stopped firing.
The young men who had been sent there by the old men back home could finally raise their heads above the mud for the first time in four years & look out across the shell-churned fields at the other young men, not 500 yards away, who stared numbly back at them.
A minute before the other men had been enemies & now they were not. Many of the men in this trench had never particuarly felt like the men in the other trench were enemies, but the old men back home had said that they were, so that's what they were.
Go figure...
WALTZING MATILDA [Eric Bogle - Australian folk singer]
Well, when I was a young man
I carried me pack,
and I lived the free life of a rover.
From the Mary's green basin
to the dusty outback,
I waltzed my Matilda all over.
... show details

Then in 1915, my country said "Son—
It's time you stopped rambling,
there's work to be done."
So they gave me a tin hat,
and they gave me a gun,
and they marched me away to the War.
And the band played "Waltzing Matilda"
as the ship pulled away from the Key;
and amidst all the cheers,
the flag-waving & tears...
we sailed off for Gallipoli.
Oh & how I'll remember that terrible day,
when our blood stained the sand & the water;
and of how in that Hell that they called Suvla Bay,
we were butchered like lambs at the slaughter.
Johnny Turk he was waiting,
he'd primed himself well.
He showered us with bullets
and he rained us with shells,
and in ten minutes flat,
he blew us all to Hell...
nearly blew us right back to Australia.
And the band played "Waltzing Matilda"
as we stopped to bury our slain.
We buried ours,
and the Turks buried theirs,
then we started all over again.
And those that were left, well we tried to survive,
amidst all that blood, death & fire.
And for ten weary weeks I kept myself alive,
while around me the corpses piled higher.
Then a big Turkish shell knocked me ass over head,
and when I woke up in me hospital bed,
and saw what it had done...
then I wished I were dead.
Never knew there were worse things than dying.
For I'll go no more waltzing Matilda,
all around the green bush far & free,
to dance on his pegs,
a man needs both legs...
No more Waltzing Matilda for me.
Then they gathered the wounded,
the crippled, the maimed,
and they shipped us all back to Australia.
The armless, the legless, the blind, the insane,
Those proud, wounded heroes of Suvla.
And as our ship pulled into Circular Key,
I looked at the place where me legs used to be,
and thanked Christ there was nobody waiting for me...
to grieve, to mourn or to pity.
And the band played "Waltzing Matilda"
as they carried us down the gangway.
But nobody cheered, they just stood & stared...
then they turned all their faces away.
So now every April I sit on my porch,
and I watch the parade pass before me.
I see my old comrades, how proudly they march,
reliving old dreams of past glory.
But the old men march slowly,
their bones stiff & sore,
they're tired old heroes,
from a forgotten war.
And the young people ask,
"What are they marching for?"
And I ask myself the same question.
But the band plays "Waltzing Matilda",
and the old men still answer the Call,
but as year follows year, more old men disappear,
Someday no one will march there at all.
"Waltzing Matilda, Waltzing Matilda,
Who'll come a Waltzing Mastilda with me?"
And their ghosts may be heard,
as they march by that billabong,
"Who'll come a waltzing, Matilda with me?"
NO MAN'S LAND [also by E.B.]
Well how'd y'do, Private Willie McBride?
Do you mind if I sit here, down by your graveside?
And I'll rest for a while in the warm summer sun,
I've been walking all day now, & I'm nearly done.
And I see by your gravestone you were only 19,
when you joined the Glorious Fallen, in 1916,
well I hope you died quick, & I hope you died clean...
or Willy McBride, was it slow & obscene?
CHORUS:
Did they beat the drum slowly, did they sound the fife lonely?
did the rifles fire o'er ye as they lowered you down?
Did the bugles play the "Last Post" & chorus?
did the pipes play "The Fields, & the Forest"?
And did you leave a wife or a sweetheart behind?
In some faithful heart is your memory enshrined?
And though you died back in 1916,
to that loyal heart, are you forever 19?
Or are you a stranger, without even a name?
forever enshrined, behind some glass pane,
in an old photograph- torn & tattered & stained,
and faded to yellow, in a brown leather frame?
(chorus)
Now the sun's shining down on these green fields of France,
the soft wind blows gently & the red poppies dance,
the trenches have vanished long under the plow,
no gas & no barbed wire, no guns firing now.
But here in this graveyard it's still No Man's Land,
as thousands of white crosses in mute witness stand,
to Man's blind indifference to his fellow Man,
and a whole generation that was butchered & damned.
(chorus)
And one final question, young Willie McBride,
do all those who lie here know why they died?
Did you really believe them when they told you the Cause?
Did you really believe that that War would end wars?
For the suffering, the sorrow, the glory, the shame,
the killing, the dying, it was all done in vain.
Young Willie McBride,
it all happened again...
and again
and again
and again
and again...
Did they beat the drum slowly, did they sound the fife lonely?
did the rifles fire o'er ye as they lowered you down?
Did the bugles play the "Last Post" & chorus?
did the pipes play "The Fields, & the Forest"?

"& behind the diplomats, dimly heard in the official documents, stand vast forces of national greed & hatred — atavistic instincts, harmful to mankind at its present level, but transmitted from savage & half-animal ancestors, concentrated & directed by Governments & the Press, fostered by the upper class as a distraction from social discontent, artificially nourished by the sinister influence of the makers of armaments, encouraged by a whole foul literature of "glory", & by every text-book of history with which the minds of children are polluted."
— From a letter by Bertrand Russell to "The Nation", 12 August 1914
TO ARMS!
CAPITALISTS PARSONS
POLITICIANS LANDLORDS
NEWSPAPER EDITORS & OTHER
STAY-AT-HOME-PATRIOTS
YOUR COUNTRY NEEDS
YOU IN THE TRENCHES.
WORKERS
FOLLOW YOUR MASTERS!
— Poster, Sydney, Australia 1915

Shot for desertion: 266 soldiers, 2 officers
Shot for cowardice: 18 soldiers
Shot for disobedience: 5 soldiers
Shot for sleeping on post: 2 soldiers
Shot for quitting post: 7 soldiers
Shot for striking or violence: 6 soldiers
— British Army Official Statistics, 1918
All have gone on strike – held meetings in IM hut last night & passed resolutions that they must be withdrawn from Russia Immediately. Others to the effect that censorship must be removed from letters in order that the people in England may get to know the true state of affair out here & that a cable be sent to L. George demanding the immediate withdrawal of all troops in Russia. They positively decline to go up the line or to obey any orders but are conducting themselves in an orderly manner.
– Private Riley Rudd on British soldiers' refusal to be involved in the allied intervention against the Bolsheviks, 1918
Little Song of the Maimed
Lend me your arm
to replace my leg
The rats ate it for me
at Verdun
at Verdun
I ate lots of rats
but they didn't give me back my leg
& that's why I was given the croix de guerre
& a wooden leg
& a wooden leg

— Benjamin Peret, c.1920
Lest we forget.
Note: BleedMeister has ripped off above material from a Remembrance Day email posted to Moocheads from Australia

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1936 -- [November ] Captain Jack White in the Spanish Revolution

In Ireland, as in Spain, it was the priests who started methods of fire & sword against the people. Yet they complain bitterly when their own weapons are turned against themselves.

Comrades of Cataluna! In your hour of trial when you hold the barricades not only for yourselves but for us all, I greet you with the voice of revolutionary Ireland, smothered awhile but destined to regain its strength. I hold myself honoured to be among you, to serve if I can in whatever capacity I can be most useful.
— J. R. White (Captain Jack White, founder of the Irish Citizens Army in 1913, became an anarchist while fighting in Spain, one of the ‘The Uncontrollables’), CNT-AIT Boletin de Informacion. No. 15, November 11th 1936

Only some small organisations, like The Friends of Durutti, (Anarchist) named after Buenaventura Durruti, the skillful militant anarcho-syndicalist & military tactician who had been killed in the attempt to save Madrid from the assault of Franco’s army, & some elements of the IV International (Trotskyist) acting alone, joined the barricades, against the orders of these organisations. They were nicknamed ‘The Uncontrollables’. For almost a week Barcelona was in the hands of its inhabitants when the Stalinists sent in 5,000 Assault Guard troops resulting in 15,000 deaths, thousands of wounded, the banning of POUM & the CNT & the end of the revolution.

White was radical in his Anarchism, as he had been radical in all else. He wrote in The Meaning of Anarchism...
"So I must perforce be an uncontrollable…An uncontrollable is an anarchist who has stuck to Anarchy & who is not, therefore, primarily, concerned with the shades or strata of Capitalism but with revolution by direct action; who believes with Marx that the emancipation of the workers must be the work of the workers themselves & with Bakunin & Kropotkin & Malatesta that free humanity must be substituted for the State & that when Anarchists take part in a Government, they allow themselves to be deflected from their proper task & become corrupted by association with the instrument of tyranny.

The first false step in Spain was the association of Anarchist leaders with the Government & the State. Had they given all their energies to co-ordination & unified command of CNT Collectives & Anarchist military units, instead of sacrificing Anarchist principles & control to compromises with a Government, the uncontrollables would have remained in control of themselves & ready for co-ordinated action with other sections instead of being sacrificed to a State dictatorship through a political party."

It was about this period that he had written his second part of Misfit & it is a shame that no legacy of this is available today.

http://www.geocities.com/irelandscw/ibvol-JWhite1.htm
http://www.revoltagainstplenty.com/recent/Global/captainwhite.htm

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1908 -- [November 12] France: 33-year-old Albert Libertad (aka Albert Joseph), a one-legged street orator, dies.
Known as a rough-&-tumble brawler who used his crutches as a weapon. Libertad was a formidable individualist anarchist who animated the "Causeries populaires", at 22 rue du chevalier de la Barre (Paris) & founded the individualist weekly magazine "Anarchy" (continued by André Lorulot after Libertad's death).
LIBERTAD (Albert) Le Culte de la charogne. Editions Galilée, " coup pour coup ", Paris 1976. (EO 1908). In-8° broché, 325 pp. Biographie, nombreux articles parus dans " L'anarchie ", bibliographie. Rousseurs.

Kulten av kadavret , http://hemsidor.torget.se/users/c/Chilli/Libertad.htm

LIBERTAD, Albert: La libertà e altri scritti. Firenze: Gratis, 1993, 67 p.
Libertad, Albert Il culto della carogna
JAVAL, Paraf e LIBERTAD, Albert -- O Absurdo da Política e Textos de Crítica da Democracia. Faro: Sotavento, 1979.
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre2.html#12

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1918 -- [November 12] Russia: First Conference of the Anarchist Organizations of Ukraine (NABAT), organized by Voline.
Nabat Confederation

First general conference is taken place of the Confederation of anarchist organizations of Ukraine “Nabat” (“Alarm,” from the newspaper of the same name).
... show details

From the 12 at November 16, 1918, in Koursk (Kharkov??) (Russia), the first general conference is taken place of the Confederation of anarchistic organizations of Ukraine “Nabat” “Alarm” (of the name of the newspaper). Important in Kharkov but also in the large towns of Ukraine.
In addition to Voline, important militants of the Russian anarchist movement include Peter Archinov, Aron & Fania Baron, Senia Flechine, Mark Mratchnyi (Klavanski), Grigori Gorelik (Anatoli), Nikolaï Dolenko (Tchekeres), Efim Iartchouk, Olga Taratouta.
Voline is charged with writing a Joint Declaration for all the tendencies of anarchism (trade unionist, collectivist & individualist), in order to link the movement in a large organization. //http://ytak.club.fr/novembre3.html#nabat: Du 12 au 16 novembre 1918 Importante à Kharkov mais aussi dans les grandes villes d'Ukraine cette organisation comptera dans ses rangs, outre Voline, des militants importants de l'anarchisme russe dont Pietr Archinov, Aron et Fania Baron, Senia Flechine, Mark Mratchnyi (Klavanski), Grigori Gorelik (Anatoli), Nikolaï Dolenko (Tchekeres), Efim Iartchouk, Olga Taratouta, etc. Voline est chargé de rédiger une déclaration commune pour toutes les tendances de l'anarchisme (syndicaliste, collectiviste et individualiste), afin d'unir le mouvement dans une grande organisation.
The Confederation "sets for itself the goal to organize all the critical forces of anarchism; to link the various anarchist currents; to link by a common work all the anarchists who want to seriously take an active part in shaping the Social Revolution."

This conference paves the way for the April congress:
http://ytak.club.fr/avril1.html#nabat :Du 2 au 7 avril 1919, à Elizabetgrad (Kirovograd), Ukraine, se tient le premier Congrès de la Confédération Nabat. The delegates denounce the Communist seizure of the Soviets & the purely militarist organization of the Red Army. The Congress calls for an "army of spontaneously organized revolutionary partisans" similar to the Makhnovchtchina operating in the Ukraine. They also formulate a reproach to anarchist-trade unionists who have failed to join the Confederation. Les délégués y dénoncent la mainmise des communistes sur les soviets et l'organisation purement militariste de l'armée rouge. Ils se prononcent quant à eux pour une "armée de partisans révolutionnaires" organisée spontanément telle qu'elle opère en Ukraine sous le nom de Makhnovchtchina. Un reproche est également formulé à l'égard des anarcho-syndicalistes qui n'ont pas rejoint la Confédération.

H.6.5 How were the Makhnovists organized The first conference to organise a "Confederation of Anarchist Organisations of the Ukraine" was held between November 12th to 16th, 1918. ... www.nestormakhno.info/english/makfaq/h_6_5.htm
The Makhnovshchina - OpenWiki The armistice of November 11, however, led to the withdrawal of the Austro-German occupation ... had in 1918 formed a union called Nabat (the tocsin). ... www.infoshop.org/wiki/index.php/The_Makhnovshchina
V. "THE ANARCHIST GROUP FEDERATION." THE "NABAT" GROUP & NESTOR ... There can be no doubt that in the summer of 1918, when Makhno headed the ... On November 12 Makhno's men killed & stripped twelve Red Army men in the ... dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/worldwidemovements/anarchisminrussia5.html
Maximov, Grigori Petrovitch, 1893-1950 | libcom.org At the 2nd Russian anarcho-syndicalist congress in Moscow in November 1918, he was nominated as secretary of the commission charged with setting up a ... libcom.org/history/maximov-grigori-petrovitch-1893-1950 - 21k - Cached - Similar pages Proletarian Insurrection in Ukraine (1918-1921) | libcom.org A bit later, in November 1918, when the revolutionary movement in ... where they found various centralized organizations within the Nabat (the Alarm), ... libcom.org/library/proletarian-insurrection-in-ukraine-1918-1921
Grigori Petrovitch Maximov (G. P. Maximoff) Page from the Daily ... became a leading figure in N.A.B.A.T. (Anarchist Organizations of Ukraine, organized by Voline) ... It held its first conference on 18 November 1918. ... recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/MaximovGP.htm - 16k - Cached - Similar pages Nestor Makhno - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia From November 1918 to June 1919, the Makhnovists claimed to be creating an ... The Nabat paper was banned & the Third Congress (specifically Pavel ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestor_Makhno - 43k - Cached - Similar pages Free Territory (Ukraine) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia From November 1918 to June 1919, an anarchist society developed in Ukraine which included peasants & workers. "The agricultural most part of these ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Free_Territory
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre3.html

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1923 -- [November 12] Emma Goldman's manuscript published this month under the title My Disillusionment in Russia; the last twelve chapters have been cut without her permission.
Emma's lawyer Harry Weinberger wins agreement from the publisher to print the remaining chapters in a separate volume with the stipulation that she pay for the printing costs, for which she secures a loan from Michael Cohn.
They are published in November 1924 with a new preface as My Further Disillusionment in Russia.

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1924 -- [November 12] England: Among Emma Goldman's speaking engagements this month is a talk before the American Students Club at Oxford University.
Today, in London, a reception for Goldman is sponsored by Bertrand Russell, Rebecca West, & socialist & sexual theorist Edward Carpenter; presided over by Col. Josiah Wedgewood, M.P. Her views on Russia are met with vocal protests.

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1968 -- [November 12] US: Supreme Court voids Arkansas law banning teaching of evolution in public schools.

Alabama continues warning high school students evolution is 'controversial'
Nov 9, 2001 (!)
MONTGOMERY, Ala. (AP) - There was plenty of debate when Alabama began putting stickers in its students' biology textbooks warning that evolution is a "controversial theory." That was in 1996.

On Thursday, when the Alabama Board of Education voted to put the disclaimer on the front of 40,000 new biology textbooks bound for public school classrooms, there was no dissent.

At a 1995 board meeting to approve the original disclaimer, then-Gov. Fob James impersonated an ape to poke fun at evolutionary theory.
Other states where school boards have tried to de-emphasize evolutionary concepts include Arizona, Kansas, Illinois, New Mexico, Texass & Nebraska.
Earlier this year, the Kansas Board of Education voted to restore the teaching of evolution as a central theory in science classes there.
The Thomas B. Fordham Foundation, a Washington-based education organization, last fall gave 19 states D's or F's in an evaluation of how public schools teach evolution.

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1984 -- [November 12] Chester Himes.
Other major African-American mystery writers: Walter Mosley, John B. West
Further reading: Chester Himes by James Lundqvist (1976); Chester Himes: A Critical Appraisal by Stephen F. Milliken (1976); Two Guns from Harlem: The Detective Fiction of Chester Himes by Robert E. Skinner (1989)
Selected writings:
YESTERDAY WILL MAKE YOU CRY (finished in 1937, shortened version Cast the First Stone published in 1952, original novel published in 1998!) IF HE HOLLERS LET HIM GO, 1945 LONELY CRUSADE, 1947 CAST THE FIRST STONE, 1952 THE THIRD GENERATION, 1954 THE PRIMITIVE, 1955 FOR LOVE OF IMABELLE, 1957 (in France La Reine des pommes) THE CRAZY KILL, 1959 THE REAL COOL KILLERS, 1959 ALL SHOT UP, 1960 THE BIG GOLD DREAM, 1960 PINKTOES, 1961 -Rusovarpaat COTTON COMES TO HARLEM, 1965 - Kuolema kulkee Harlemissa - film 1970, dir. by Ossie Davis, starring Godfrey Cambridge & Raymond St. Jacques RUN MAN, RUN, 1966 THE HEAT'S ON, 1966 - Hellettä Harlemissa - film 1972, dir. by Mark Warren, starring Godfrey Cambridge & Raymond St. Jacques UN AFFAIRE DE VIOL, 1968 BLIND MAN WITH A PISTOL, 1969 - Hetki vain, olet vainaa THE QUALITY OF HURT, 1972 BLACK ON BLACK, 1973 MY LIFE AS ABSURDITY, 1976 A CASE OF RAPE, 1980 UN MANTEAU DU REVE?, 1982 PLAN B., 1983
http://www.twbooks.co.uk/authors/chesterhimes.html

http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~hbf/himes.html
http://www.salon.com/march97/noir970307.html
http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/HIMES/himes-chester_LINKS.html

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1984 -- [November 12] US: A Plowshares protest targets Silo Pruning Hooks, a Minuteman II nuclear-missile silo
Arrested an hour after the action, authorities hold the four on preventive detention & deny bond. In March 1985, they are convicted of conspiracy, destruction of government property, & intent to damage the national defense. Their prison sentences, ranging from eight to 18 years, are the most severe to date of any Plowshares member. All but Woodson appeal their cases. The appeals will lose in the spring of 1986.
In July 1992, removal of the Minuteman IIs from their silos began, with the last missile removed in May 1995.
The first silo implosion in the United States, took place Dec. 8, 1993, in accordance with the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty signed by former U.S. President George Bush & former Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev July 31, 1991.
http://www.swords-to-plowshares.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plowshare

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1984 -- [November 12] Marcel Body, French typographer, dies.
While a French soldier Body joined the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, becoming a citizen & serving in the diplomatic corps with Alexandra Kollontaï in Norway.
Disillusioned with the direction of the Revolution, he returned to France. He began writing for anarchist & pacifist publications & also translated Lenin, Trotsky, & Bakunin.
Body founded "La Vérité" & gathered the oppositional circle Union des Travailleurs Révolutionnaires around this periodical, & he was also involved in the syndicalist movement.
Body wrote Un piano en bouleau de Carélie (1981) (republished as Un ouvrier limousin au coeur de la révolution russeussian revolution).

"Pessimism is for man as winter is with nature. Yet the worst cold never prevented spring from returning, nor the summer to mature the harvests, & most abundant always will be those of strong men & free spirits... "
— Marcel Body, Un piano en bouleau de Carélie

Marcel Body appears in Bernard Baissat film series Listen (along with Andre Claudot, Jeanne Humbert, Eugene Bizeau, André Bosiger, May Picqueray, Aguigui Mouna, Robert Jospin, & Rene Dumont.

Film: Marcel Body: de Lénine à Bakounine, http://subsociety.free.fr/livres/vid%E9o.htm

BODY, Marcel. Les groupes communistes français de Russie, 1918-1921. Paris: Editions Allia, 1918. 99 p
Marcel Body Papers http://www.iisg.nl/archives/nl/files/b/10729113.php
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1928 --
Hawes, Hampton
November 13, 1928 — May 22, 1977

"Music's Manchild in the promised land: the searing blues driven account of the coming of age of a major talent pianist/composer. Hawes' own story, rebellion, ruin & renascence. a fractured childhood. a gifted black man's painful odyssey , a violent journey from strict religious upbringing, early success & then the strung out world of heroin, cold prison years. Hawes' apprenticeship was dark clubs of Los Angeles's, Central Ave. pimps, prostitutes, dealers, promotors as well as respectables, to hear Charlie Parker, Art Tatum, Billie Holiday, Thelonius Monk. Contemporaries & intimates of Hawes.
plunged into all this before he was 20, he would fall into darkness to a federal penitentiary where he would serve 5 years until President John F. Kennedy's unprecedented grant of executive clemency would enable him to rise to the long road back. It has been said by critic John Tynan , "Hawes was the foremost jazz piano talent of our generation."
CD's are available, by Hawes on the web & music stores.
A very collectible & scarce book, raise up off me: a portrait of hampton hawes is worth locating.

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1968 -- [November 13] Andre Prudhommeaux (1902- 1968) dies.
A French anarchist bookstore owner whose shop in Paris specialized in social history -- & a place for many debates & discussions.
André Prudhommeaux joua un role de tout premier plan dans la campagne francaise de soutien a Van der Lubbe pour trois raisons: il avait des contacts avec Ies groupes allemands ethollandais se reclamant du communisme de conseils; il connaissaitl'allemand et le neerlandais; il se situait a l'intersection des deux cultures politiques.

Prudhommeaux was an early Council Communist, then an anarchist. He contributed to the Revue Anarchiste, participated in the defense campaign for Marinus van der Lubbe in 1933 & was a supporter of the Friends of Durruti during the Spanish Revolution.
Following WWII he participated in Commission de Relations Internationales Anarchistes (CRIA), edited Le Libertaire, contributed to Témoins & Preuves & several French & foreign anarchist journals like Le Monde Libertaire, Volontà, Freedom, L'Adunata dei refrattari & Pensée et Action. Co-author, with his partner Dora Ris, of Spartacus & the Berlin Commune, The Libertarian Effort, Libertarian Catalonia. (see also 15 October 1902).

BLANCHETEAU Jocelyne, André Prudhommeaux (1902-1968).
Un militant anarchiste, Maîtrise sous la direction de R. Rémond,
J. Maitron, Paris X, 1972, 2 vol. (286 p.)
Anarchisme, Prudhommeaux, biographie, militantisme
http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/p/10766675full.php
http://flag.blackened.net/ksl/bullet6.htm#Prudhommeaux
http://www.spunk.org/library/places/spain/sp001780/intro.html

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1994 -- [November 13] Spanish anarchist Enrique Marco Nadal dies.

Valencian CNT militant & antifascist, fought during the Spanish Revolution of 1936. During WWII, captured at Colmar & sent to the Langwasser camp in Nurenberg. Following the war Marco joined the antifascist underground in Spain. Arrested 27 of May 27, 1947, & condemned to death in 1949, his sentence is commuted to 30 years imprisonment. Author of Todos contra Franco. La Alianza Nacional de Fuerzas Democráticas. 1944/1947 (Madrid: Queimada, 1982).

http://www.afar2rep.org/articulos/auto.htm http://www.alasbarricadas.org/ateneovirtual/index.php/13_de_noviembre

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http://www.cgt.es/spcgta/OPOSICION.htm

1909 -- [November 14] Argentina: Simón Radowitzky, legendary "martir de Ushuaia", a young Polish anarchist, kills police chief Ramon Falcon with a bomb in Buenos Aires. Falcon had ruthlessly suppressed a renters strike & the workers' May Day celebrations.
Osvaldo Bayer, que escribió sobre Simón:

"Mil y mil veces maldita, tierra aborrecida del crimen, del sufrimiento y del sicario. Bajo el azote helado de tus huracanes gime el hombre; la angustia roe las almas de las víctimas; los abnegados, los Radowitzky, agonizan, mártires de la chusma del máuser, y, sobre el hórrido concierto de sollozos se oye siniestra la carcajada del verdugo."

http://www.lafogata.org/recuerdos/rec_8.htm

"Simón non era outro que Radowitzky, aquel lexendario anarquista que vengara aos traballadores asasinados polo Coronel Falcón, xefe da Policía arxentina. Isto aconteceu o primeiro de maio de 1909. O coronel ordenou disparar contra a multitude indefensa. O mozo Simón en novembro dese mesmo ano cunha bomba faría voar polos aires ao sanguento Coronel Falcón. O mozo anarquista xa participara do intento revolucionario de 1905 en Rusia, cando unha bala dos cosacos zaristas lle atravesara un pulmón. O polaco Simón Radowizky pasouse vinte anos no penal de Ushuaia ata que o indultou Yrigoyen en 1930 coa condición de que se fose do país. Despois dunha tempada no Uruguai transladouse a España e durante a guerra civil instalouse en Barcelona."
Simón (Szymon) Radowicki, Radowitzky kills colonel Falcón, chief of Buenos Aires police, who ordered the massacre of workers demonstrating on May Day that year. He is sent to Ushuaya concentration camp on the Tierra del Fuego island for lifelong punishment, escaping on 7. 11. 1918 - then captured a month later in Chile.
After 21 years he was released & expelled, & went to fight in the Spanish Revolution.
From 1940 until his death (29. 02. 1956) he lived in Mexico.
Born in Stepanitz (pol. Stepanice?) at Ucrainia [appears to be Stepan, in the Polish Ukraine — editor] in a Jewish family, active already in Russia, had to escape from the tzarist empire, went to Argentina.

— Bleedster Piero / Poland
http://ibw.com.pl/modules/xfsection/article.php?articleid=144
or at http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/RadowitzkySimon/1029094216.shtml

Argentina:
Neste clima de tensión un mozo anarquista sentiuse o vingador dos seus irmáns de clase, e o 14 de novembro de 1909 Simón Radowitzky arrebolou unha bomba contra a carruaxe na que viaxaban Falcón e o seu secretario Juán Lartigau dándolle morte a ambos. A reacción oficial foi contundente e desatou unha brutal persecución contra o movemento obreiro arxentino. Manuel Fandiño relátanos estes acontecementos:
"Cando eu tiña vinte anos morreu o coronel Ramón Falcón; por ser militante gremial foron determe no mesmo obradoiro onde traballaba, un "boliche" que había en Victoria (Hipólito Yrigoyen) e Rioxa. Aínda me lembro que o patrón se puxo como un energúmeno porque lle sacaban do pé da máquina a un obreiro que precisaba. Logo dunha corentena con outros moitos presos no "Guardia Nacional", nun transporte de guerra fun deportado a España".
http://www.elhistoriador.com.ar/biografias/r/radowitzky.php

Argentine anarchism, see:
Bayer, Osvaldo. Los anarquistas expropiadores, Simon Radowitzky y otros ensayos Buenos Aires: Editorial Galerna. (1975).
Medunich Orza, M. Los intelectuales de izquierda vistos por un obrero. Buenos Aires, Editorial Astral. (1970).
Yidish Anarkhistishe Grupe. Simon Radovitsky un dos gefangenish fun Ushuaia (Di shtime fun mayn gevisn) [Simon Radowitzky & the prison of Ushuaia (the voice of my conscience)] Yidish Anarkhistishe Grupe, Buenos Ayres, 1929.
"El santo de Ushuaia," por Osvaldo Bayer, http://www.geocities.com./Athens/3646/
(Or possibly here, as the above page appears to be falling into disrepair,
http://ar.geocities.com/veaylea2000/bayer/bayer.htm

file relating to Simón Radowitzky, including identification papers & certificats of competence 1937-1939, 1946 & drafts of articles & press clippings on his death, Senya Fléchine papers at International Institute of Social History
Spanish readers will want to explore La Libertad entre la Historia y la Utopia: Tres Ensayos y Otros Textos del Siglo XX by Luce Fabbri (145 pages, REA, December 1998, trans: Freedom in History & Utopia; Three Essays & Other Texts of the 20th Century). Fabbri, a life-long anarchist, theorist, & central figure of the Uruguayan anarchist community, offers essays on fascism, international politics, the idea of utopia, as well as biographical pieces on her father Luigi Fabbri, Simón Radowitzky, & other important figures of 20-century anarchism.

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1951 -- [November 14] Spain: 75 members of the CNT are tried in Seville prison, accused of reorganizing their union & aiding guerrillas, particularly for their attempt to evacuate a group of guerrillas by sea in 1949 from under the thumb of the fascist government.
Two death sentences are handed down, against Antonio Nuñez & Dionisio Rueda, & the others are sentenced to terms ranging from eight to thirty years’ imprisonment, most of them over fifteen years.
In February, 1952, a court-martial tries 30 CNT militants who have been in detention for two years. The sentences are from 2 to 30 years in prison & there are eleven death sentences, of which five are carried out.
The C.N.T. [Confederacion Nacional del Trabajo], is an anarcho-syndicalist union. It was the largest union in Spain until the fascists suppressed it following the Civil War in 1939. It resurfaced as a legitimate union once again following the death of Franco.
Source: http://www.afmltd.demon.co.uk/meltzer/books/spanishanarchy1961-75/22years.html, is no longer online.

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2003 -- [November 14] Spain: Ramón "Ramonín" Álvarez Palomo (1913-2003) Born 7 de Marzo de 1913 en Gijón; died November 14, 2003.

Asturian militant anarcho-syndicalist, regional seccreatry CNT, involved in the insurrection of 1934 (Secretario del Comité Revolucionario de Gijón.) & imprisoned with Durruti in Saragossa before taking refuge in France.
Álvarez fought in Spanish Revolution, worked with the FAI, returning to France following the defeat, where he became secretary of the National Committee of the CNT (in exile) &, in 1945, of the regional Committee of Asturies.
Álvarez participated in various congresses & meetings after war, & his militant activities earning him a few months of prison in France during the 1960s.
With death of Franco he returned to his hometown of Gijón. Again with the CNT, following the split within the CNT in 1979, he joined the Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT) & from 1979 to 1994, Álvarez was responsible for producing the paper "Acción Libertaria."
In addition to many writings for the Spanish libertarian press, he was also a historian, author of: Eleuterio Quintanilla, vida y obra del maestro; historia del sindicalismo revolucionario en Asturias, Avelino González Mallada, alcalde anarquista, José Mª Martínez, símbolo ejemplar del obrerismo militante & Rebelión militar y Revolución en Asturias. http://www.asturiasrepublicana.com/cervera8.html
http://www.iisg.nl/collections/palomo.php

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1884 -- [November 15] Though his sentence of 1884 has lapsed, Errico Malatesta prefers to live incognito; on November 15 the police discovered him
International anarchist discussions are held in St. Martin's Hall, London, where Malatesta spoke on the peasants' question (see "Freedom" report; The history of Malatesta's Ancona paper "L'Agitazione" has been told in the "Umanita Nova" of December 12, 1920, & some details added in the obituary notice of Adelmo Smorti (i. b., January 28, 1921).
The complete set in my collection consists of: "L'Agitazione," March 14, 1897, 6 nos., followed by "L'Agitacione" (April 25), "Agitiamoci" (May 1 ), "Agitatevi" (May 8, then nos. 10 to 42 & 11 1 to 17. May 5. 1898) ; 18 (May 12 ) was about to be printed when the office was raided & everything upset; only a few copies exist, of which I have never seen one.
After Acciarito's attempt against the life of Umberto at Rome, E. Recchioni, C. Agostinelli, R. Recchi & A. B. Faceetti of the "Agitazione" were arrested at Ancona & the papers demonstrated Malatesta's presence there. Some of the arrested were sent to the islands & a new bill for transportation (domicilio coatto) was brought in (spring & summer 1897). The letters of the "Agitazione" were seized. In the issue of Sept. 2 Malatesta explains why; though his sentence of 1884 has lapsed, he prefers to live incognito; on November 15 the police discovered him, but had to leave him alone. Giuseppe Ciancabilla ("Temps nouveaux," Nov. 20, 1897) describes these nine months of Malatesta's work.
— Max Nettlau, [Errico Malatesta: The Biography of an Anarchist]

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1902 -- [November 15] Belgium: In Brussels, Gennaro Rubino, an Italian individualist anarchist, attempts to kill King Léopold II.
Gennaro Rubino

Rubino fired three shots, but Léopold was only scratched. Rubino was immediately mauled by the crowd & barely escaped with his life thanks to the police(!).
In May, exiled in England, Rubino was denounced in the international anarchist press as a spy for the Italian Secret Service. Despondent & bitter over his expulsion from the movement, Rubino decided to commit an assassination in order to prove his allegiance to the anarchist cause. The failed attentat resulted in further denunciatons of Rubino as an agent provocateur, acting to bring down the wrath of state repression upon the anarchist movement.

Sources: Ephéméride Anarchiste
Excellent biographical article at the Wikipedia

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1910 -- [November 15] US: "The Agitator" first appears today, in Home Colony, Washington
Published by members of the anarchist colony of Home, in the state of Washington. Editor Jay Fox made the bimonthly tabloid into a lively journal advocating a blend of libertarian ideas & revolutionary industrial unionism. Free speech, sexual freedom, modern rational education, & support for the IWW were among its provocative concerns.

**********
The Agitator, an anarchist/libertarian newspaper, was edited by Jay Fox & published by Agitator Publishing Association in Lakebay, Washington at the Home Colony on a bimonthly basis from November 15, 1910 to November 1, 1912.
Home was founded on the philosophy of maximum liberty, rather than collectivization as some other Washington communes of the same experimental era in the state. As a libertarian colony, Home had no central organization, no ownership of land, & no government.
http://faculty.washington.edu/gregoryj/laborpress/Gorgura.htm

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1915 -- [November 15] The semimonthly "Pendant la mêlée" ceases publication, Paris, France.
Pendant la mêlée

Managed by Charles Michel, calling itself "acrate, individualiste et éclectique," "Pendant la mêlée" falls victim to the difficulties of trying to publish during the Great Slaughter (World War I, the 'War to End All Wars', ad naseum; historians fondly refer to it as the "Great War" — perhaps after personally counting the millions of corpses).
It reappears in 1916 as "Par delà la mêlée." In 1917 E. Armand, its administrator, is arrested, & Pierre Chardon continues the publication, changing its name once again, this time simply "La Mêlée."

Sources & graphic credit: Ephéméride Anarchiste

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1895 -- [November 16] France: Premier issue of French weekly newspaper "Le libertaire."

Le libertaire

The French "Le libertaire" is founded by the anarchists Sébastien Faure & Louise Michel.
(The original publication using the name "Le libertaire" began in the United States in 1858, founded by Joseph Déjacque, a French writer / journalist & refugee until 1861, following Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'etat in 1851.)
The French weekly appears until December 1899 (299 numbers), before being superceded by the daily newspaper, "Le Journal du peuple". // August of the same year, "Le libertaire" « illustré » appears weekly as a supplement to the daily paper.
Faure continued the paper until forced to shut it down in August 1914 because of WWI. until August 1914 when its positions antimilitarists oblige it to cease his publication, after 960 numbers.
One issue appeared in 1917, then after the war he revived it, from 1919 until 1939 (forced again to shut down because of war).
It will be, from December 1923 to March 1925, once again daily for 479 numbers.
On December 21, 1944, the Libertarian reappears initially according to an irregular publication then semi-monthly due to the paper restrictions. He regains his weekly shape as from April 1946 [2].
In 1954, following an organisational crisis, the newspaper changes title & becomes Le Monde libertarian. The crisis was lasts & it becomes monthly. Since 1945, collaborate then Brassens - which will be one of first permanent newspaper -, Ferré, Breton, Camus.
In 1977, Le Monde libertarian becomes again weekly.
In 2003 [4], the newspaper takes a new form & appears now in quadrichromy in a magazine format.

Source: http://monde-libertaire.info/article.php3?id_article=283

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1907 -- [November 16] US: Oklahoma Territory consolidated with Indian Territory, ending experiment of a separate Indian section under tribal government within US borders.
The Indian & Oklahoma territories collectively enter the United States as Oklahoma, the 46th state. Oklahoma, with a name derived from the Choctaw Indian words "okla," meaning people, & "humma," meaning red, was first set aside as Indian Territory in 1834.
By 1880, dozens of tribes, forced into relocation by European immigration & the US government, had moved to the territory. In 1899, the federal government, pressure by cattlemen, opened nearly two million acres in central Oklahoma for settlement. At noon on April 22, a pistol shot signaled the opening of the new land, & tens of thousands of people rushed to stake claims. Those who had already made illegal entry to beat the starting gun were called "Sooners," hence Oklahoma's state nickname.

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1942 -- [November 16] Fransesco Fantin: Anti-fascism & internment in Australia
The 16th of November 2002 marks the 60th anniversary of the murder of Italian-Australian anarchist Fransesco Fantin in an Australian internment camp at the hands of fascists.

"To describe him as a hero is not to depict him as a grand figure bestriding the passage of history. Fantin was hardly that. Fantin did not want to die. He did not want to continue to confront Fascism. Had he had his choice he would, as he made clear, have moved away from the aggression in Loveday 14A. But when his choices were denied & his options limited by forces beyond himself he did not deny his beliefs..
He affirmed them. He was a hero despite himself; a reluctant hero & therefore a real hero."
— Paul Nursey-Bray

Paul Nursey-Bray from the University of Adelaide Politics Department has thoroughly researched his life & murder, & its social impact at the time (Fantin's murder effectively changed Government policy on internment of those who could prove they were antifascist).
This research has also inspired a play, & a radioplay. A musical performance was also composed to accompany an exhibition of photographs of Fantin. Fantin's life & his death is little known outside of Australia & Italy, & even in Australia it is not adequately remembered.

On November 16 think of Fantin & the many other unsung anarchist & antifascist heroes.
See the Radical Tradition, an anarchist & radical Australasian History Page http://www.takver.com/history/fantin_fransesco.htm

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1952 -- [November 16] Roman Delgado (1894-1952) dies. Spanish-Mexican anarchist, born in El Ferrol (Galice, Spain) he emigrated to America at 16 & joined a Magoniste group in San Antonio, Texass.
Denounced by the police, Delgado went to Tampico, Mexico & participated in "La casa del Obrero Mundial" & "Los hermanos Rojos," publishing the newspaper "Germinal." Imprisoned in 1916 for participating in a strike, Delgado went to NY when he was expelled from the country, but returned & was active with anarchist groups in Mexico City until his death.
"(..) Le gouvernement n'est rien d'autre que le gendarme du Capital, l'épouvantable flic qui garde les coffres forts des vautours des banques, du commerce et de l'industrie. Pour le Capital il a du respect et lui est entièrement soumis; pour le peuple, il a les prisons, les casernes et le gibet."
— "Regeneracion," February 11, 1911
No ano 1910 participa nas folgas de canteiros e forxadores de Ferrol, sendo detido nese mesmo ano por ter posto nos talleres da Sociedade Española de Construción Naval esquelas cos nomes de mandos intermedios da empresa.
Poucos anos despois emigra a Cuba, de onde foi expulsado en 1915 baixo a acusación de organizar unha folga entre os obreiros azucreiros de Gauntanm, en San Antonio,Texas.
En Tampico intégrase na central obreira anarco-sindical La Casa del Obrero Mundial, no grupo anarquista Los Hermanos Rojos e colabora no xornal Germinal.
En 1916 participa na Folga Xeral e foi condenado a morte pero suspenden a súa execución e é expulsado aos Estados Unidos. Volve a México nos inicios da década dos vinte e contacta de novo co anarcosindicalismo e con outro anarquista galego, Xosé Miño.
Acolleu o grupo de Buenaventura Durruti.
http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier1.html#2

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1953 -- [November 16] Italy: Gigi Damiani (1876-1953) dies, Rome.
Damiani emigrated to Brazil, & directed numerous anarchist publications (Battaglia, Plebs, Guerra Sociale, etc). In Italy he was editor, with Errico Malatesta, of "Umanita Nova". Under attack by fascists, Damiani was forced into exile in Tunisia. He was active there with Giuseppe Pasotti, returning to Rome in 1946 where he was involved again with "Umanita Nova" until his death.
Author of several books, including:
Razzismo e Anarchismo; Carlo Cafiero; Saggio su di una concezione filosofica dell'Anarchismo.
Damiani, Gigi // Diabolica carmina : poesie paganeggianti e anticlericali / G.[igi] Damiani. - Roma : 1949. - 94 p.
Damiani, Gigi // Mia bella anarchia (la) / Gigi Damiani. - Cesena : Edizioni "L'Antistato", 1953. - 23 p. - Estratto da L'Adunata dei Refrattari, [...] 1953.
A Damiani's paradox says:
"There is no faith without desperation, & no desperation which does not hope to the last."
— Bartolomeo Vanzetti, letter, November 13, 1925, Charlestown Prison, to Alice Stone Blackwell

http://www.anarca-bolo.ch/vanza/archivio/d.htm

http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier1.html#2

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1969 -- [November 16] US: Time-Sharing? America discovers My Lai, as the American media can no longer ignore the story after a year of refusing to print the story.
Lieutenant William Calley Jr. faced a court martial; his platoon massacred 567 unarmed Vietnamese peasants in the village of My Lai.
Calley served three years before a Federal judge declared his conviction unconstitutional. Thus, Calley was freed, although the Army originally sentenced him to life, later 20, & then 10 years hard labor. Twenty-four others were charged in the slayings & their cover-up, but only Calley was convicted & his punishment consisted of being confined to his apartment.
"This was really murder," said Calley.
Current Secretary of State Colin Powell (2002) was also involved in the My Lai Massacre coverup...
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mylai/mylai.htm
http://members.aol.com/TeacherNet/Vietnam.html
Howard Zinn, Lessons of Vietnam: disappeared from the Internet in 2005; an archived copy is at the Stan Iverson Memorial Archive, http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/ZinnVietnamLessons.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Zinn

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1992 -- [November 16] East Timor: After 18 years of evading the occupying Indonesian military, resistance leader Xanana Gusmao is captured.
Gusmao heads Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor & founded the National Council of Maubere Resistance. Joined the guerrilla movement shortly after the 1975 Indonesian invasion of the island.
Over the past 18 years, a third of East Timor's population has been killed & more than half has fled destroyed villages. Supported by U.S. weapons sales & direct military aid, the Indonesian military has sprayed chemicals such as napalm, bombed villages, & forced starvation. Other tactics, familiar to US GIs & CIA teachers, included rape, deportation & summary executions.
"We will eat the heart of those who come to East Timor," claimed one pro-Indonesia militia commander opposing the UN efforts to stop the state-run mayhem & murder.
http://eatthestate.org/04-01/EastTimor24.htm
http://www.anarchy.no/easttimo.html

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1910 -- [November 18] Spain: Premier issue of the weekly magazine "Acción Libertaria", in Gijón, Asturia.
"Acción Libertaria"

The newspaper & its direction are assured by José Machargo (Avelino Iglesias), Eleuterio Quintanilla & Pedro Sierra (they later edited "El Libertario," 10 August 1912 to 12 April 1913), with 27 issues appearing until July 14, 1911.