The Daily Bleed Detail Reference Page for the month of October

The following entries on this page provide details, subtext or background relating to dated entries cited in the Daily Bleed Calendar, linked from there to the date(s) cited here.

The Daily Bleed Calendar in full, & access to the pages for this month, are accessible at http://www.recollectionbooks.com/bleed/calmast.htm

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1935 -- [October 3] Ethiopia: Italy invades, prompting League of Nations sanctions against Italy & leading to World War II.

Invasione dell'Etiopia da parte delle truppe italiane al comando del generale Emilio De Bono.

Durante il mese di Ottobre vengono occupate Adigat, Adua, Axum, Macallè. Sull'onda delle vittorie, intellettuali e politici lontani dal fascismo come Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, il commediografo Sem Benelli, il socialista Arturo Labriola, decideranno di avvicinarsi al fascismo e di porsi al suo servizio.
[Source: Crimini e Misfatti]

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Some 3,000 guerrillas (including many anarchists) organised in France with the weaponry used in their fight against the Nazis, mounted two main attacks across the Pyrenees in 1944.

The first incursion was into Navarre on 3 & 7 October: the second came via Catalonia, to establish a bridgehead in the Vall d'Aran & install a provisional Republican government. It was also taken for granted that, confronted by such a fait accompli, the Allies would move to bring down Franco.

These incursions were easily repulsed — having been heralded in advance — for the Spanish government had taken all appropriate measures. Even so, there were lots of guerrillas who refused to return to their bases & opted instead to infiltrate into the interior in small groups. There they reinforced existing guerrilla bands & set up new ones where none existed.

http://libcom.org/history/1939-1965-armed-resistance-to-franco

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1981 -- [October 3] A hunger strike by Irish nationalists at the Maze Prison in Belfast, Northern Ireland, is called off after seven months & ten deaths

1990 -- [October 3] Humpty Dumpty?: Eleven months after East Germany opens its borders to the West & dismantles the infamous Berlin Wall, East & West Germany become a united & sovereign state for the first time since Germany's defeat in World War II, burying 45 years of Cold War division. Nearly a million people gather at the Reichstag in Berlin, & at midnight a replica of the Liberty Bell, a gift from the US, is rung, officially proclaiming reunification.

Germany becomes a 'Vaterland' once again. Control over the police forces is handed over to West Berlin. The first riot police attacks by West Berlin cops in East Berlin take place. Some Germans, like Nobel author Gunther Grass, believe the two Germanies should have remained separate.

Over the past year West Berlin rent prices skyrocket as more people become homeless, while in East Berlin thousands of living spaces are empty, with no clear idea of who owns them.

Increasing numbers of youths move into empty buildings & apartments. The Squatters' Council formed in the spring, representing more than 120 squatted buildings.

During the summer East German police avoided areas dominated by anarchists & autonomists, & squatters negotiated with the East Berlin officials to get contracts for their buildings, while the sun is shining a lot. The Greens protest evictions by leaving their coalition government with the social democratic SPD party.

In 1991 & 1992 more than 85 squatted buildings become legalized through various contracts, but authorities continue to crackdown on squats & eviction battles continue to rage throughout the 1990s.

• March 21, 1981- West Germany: Demonstrations erupting into violence involving young people — most in sympathy with squatters — angry with authority, in 19 cities.
• September 22, 1981- West Germany: Cops oust squatters. Thousands in various cities fight back.
• November 1989 - With the so-called "Fall of the Wall" rent prices in West Berlin skyrocket as more people become homeless, while in East Berlin thousands of living spaces are empty, with no clear idea of who "owns" them.

  Over the next year & into the 1990s huge battles take place as the German government attempts to dislodge homeless squatters.

• November 12, 1990 - Police evict 3 homeless squats in the Pfarrstrasse & the Cotheniusstrasse. Following protest actions in the Friedrichshain neighborhood, water cannons begin to spray 12 squatted houses in the Mainzerstrasse. A riot starts & last into the night, forcing the police to retreat.
• November 14, 1990 - More than 4,000 riot police & special commandos from all over Germany brutally evict the barricaded Mainzerstrasse.
• January 25, 1996 - The former 'Bundeswehr' general Jorg Schonbohm becomes Berlin's Interior Minister & declares that all squats will be evicted.
• March 26, 1996 - The Palisadenstrasse 49 is evicted.
• March 27, 1996 - The Kleine Hamburger Strasse 5 is evicted.
• April 1996 - The front house at Rigaer Strasse 80 is evicted, as is the Alt Stralau, which had been squatted in early 1995.
• May 1996 - A punk squat in the Kreutziger Strasse & the Samariterstrasse 31 are evicted.
• June 1996 - Riot police attack a party in the Kreutziger Strasse because there was "too much noise" - at 9 p.m.
• July 1996 - Eviction of the wagon places on the East-Side-Gallery & the rear house at Kreutziger Strasse 11.
• August 1996 - The last squat in West Berlin is evicted: Marchstrasse/Einsteinufer.
• September 1996 - The Linienstrasse 158/159 is evicted.
• October 1996 - During this month several housing squats are evicted: the front of Kinzigstrasse 9, Kreutziger Strasse 21, & parts of the Kreutziger Strasse 11, 12, & 13. A new squat in the Pfarrstrasse is immediately evicted.
• November 1, 1996 - Squatters are fed up. A trolley car in Friedrichshain goes up in flames, as does a business belonging to the owner of the evicted Palisadenstrasse 49.
• All is quiet for half a year....
• May 21, 1997 - The Niederbarnimstrasse 23 is evicted.
• July 29, 1997 - The Scharnweberstrasse 28, the Rigaer Strasse 80, the side of Schreinerstrasse 14, & the Pfarrstrasse 88/Eisenbahner are evicted.
• There are now only 3 "squats" left in Berlin, according to city officials: The Rigaer Strasse 83 (which should soon be legalized), the Kinzigstrasse 25/27 (the local government wants to make a youth center here with the aid of the squatters), & a court ruled the Rigaer Strasse 80 eviction illegal.

http://www.notbored.org/squatworld.html
http://www.nadir.org/nadir/periodika/jungle_world/32/12c.htm
( Cited Daily Bleed, Oct 3, 1990. )

1995 -- [October 3] O.J. Simpson, former football star, acquitted of the 1994 murder of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, & Ronald Goldman, in Los Angeles, California.

The lengthy, televised trial is a sensational media cirucus revealing wide racial divisions present in American society as it calls the U.S. justice system into question. In polls, a majority of African-Americans consistently believe Simpson, who is black, to be innocent of the murder, while the vast majority of white Americans, supported by the media & law enforcement, maintain Simpson's guilt. The jury of nine African-Americans, two whites, & one Hispanic took just four hours of deliberation to reach their verdict of not guilty on all charges. However, in 1997, Simpson was found liable for the slayings in a civil trial, & forced to award $8.5 million in compensatory damages to the victims' families.

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Involved are Klaus (the printer), Alphonse Barbé, Louis Bertho (aka Jules Lepetit), Julien Content, Grossin, Pierre Le Meillour, & Pierre Ruff. Their continued antiwar actions over the past year, & the audicity of this act, result heavy sentences (four months to 3 years in prison). Sources, see: http://ytak.club.fr/octobre2.html#8 http://www.libertaire.org/article17.html http://libertaire.org/rubrique13.html

The image first appeared in the late 18th century through Jean de Crevecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer:

What then is the American, this new man?….He is an American who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices & manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced….Here individuals are melted into a new race of men.

The term surfaced again in Israel Zangwell’s famed 1909 play, The Melting Pot. It showed the fire of the American experience burning off human impurities, fusing all the best elements of each immigrant "race" into "a new & superior American nationality."

The "melting pot" concept, though, seemed inadequate to others as an explanation of the American reality. Historian Frederick Jackson Turner emphasized "the primacy of geography over race & culture," & suggested that the development of distinctive sectional or regional identities formed the American present & future. The continuity of dozens of distinct immigrant communities into the early 20th century–Little Italies, "Andersonvilles," "Micktowns"–suggested still another vision of the American identity. Rather than a "melting pot" or an ideological union, this orientation cast America as a federation of nationalities, where hyphenization was permanent, where diversity & harmony co-existed, where America stood as "a multiplicity in a unity, an orchestration of mankind."

http://www.profam.org/pub/fia/xfia_1601-02.htm
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/zangwill.html

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Although Cempuis was closed by the French government on charges of coeducation, which at the time was prohibited under law, other similar educational attempts were undertaken in France by Madeleine Vernet & Sébastien Faure. Faure developed in the children a love of study by awakening "the child's interest in his surroundings by mak(ing) him or her realize the importance of observation, investigation, & reflection" & by teaching the student to never accept anything on blind faith. Francisco Ferrer, founder of the Modern School movement, followed these precedents in developing his child-centered theories of education. John Dewey of Columbia University was one of the earliest proponents of the Modern School movement in America. Sources, see: http://ytak.club.fr/octobre2.html#8 Use your back button to return to your last page or [Go / return to October 5 Daily Bleed]

US: Nazareno Branchini dies in Chicago, Illinois. Born in Pergola, Itlay in 1891, an anarchist militant during WWI, Branchini emigrated to the US & was active in Italian-language circles. Source: Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes, http://militants-anarchistes.info/

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Next year, at this time, Emma will go to Vienna to begin formal training in nursing & midwifery at the Allgemeines Krankenhaus.

She keeps a low profile in Vienna, as political persecution there is known to be harsh. While there she discovers & devours works by Friedrich Nietzsche, attends performances of Wagner operas, sees Eleonora Duse perform, & attends the lectures of Professor Karl Bruhl & Sigmund Freud.

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Published her first book, Meredith's Ann in 1929, & received the Newbery Award in 1943 for her children's novel, Adam of the Road, about a boy's search for his father in medieval England. She was a Quaker, & was working for the American Friends Service Committee in 1946 when she was summoned to serve as an English tutor for Crown Prince Akihito of Japan. She wrote about her experiences in Japan in the 1952 bestseller, Windows for the Crown Prince.

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Serge collaborated in many anarchist publications ("Le semeur", "La voix libertaire", "L'idée libre", "L'unique", "Ce qu'il faut dire", "Défense de l'homme", etc). Founder of the Parti Pacifiste Internationaliste, & president of the Libre Pensée of the north coast.

He wrote numerous books, including Anthologie des écrivains pacifistes (1933).

SOUVENANCE Jean [GREGOIRE Serge] A travers l'Europe centrale, souvenirs et impressions de voyage, 1936, Défense République, La Rochelle, 1938, 40 p. Ce qui fut, préf. de Raymond Offner, Chez l’auteur, Saint-Brieuc, 1946, XIII-148 p. [CIRA-M, IFHS] Frères inférieurs, préf. de P. Lebesque, chez l'auteur, Paris, 1943, 96 p. [CDA] Le Livre de l’adieu. Aimons-nous tout simplement. Histoire de vieux, Armorica, Carhaix, 1932, 91 p. [IFHS] Les Hommes déculottés, préf. de Gil Buhet, Chez l'auteur, 1952, 149 p. [CDA] Jours sombres. Tristes souvenirs de la vie militaire, R. Brumauld éditeur, Paris, s.d. [1935 ?], 96 p. La Muflerie en guerre, Le Sol clair, Saint-Brieuc, 1948, 198 p. [IFHS] Pour un parti pacifiste internationaliste (PPI), éd. de l'auteur, Saint-Brieuc, 1945, 83 p. [CIRA-L] Rammler, héros méconnu, Les Ecrivains indépendants, Lib. Piton, Bibliothèque de l'artistocratie, Paris, 1935, 62 p. [CIRA-L] Réformé 100 % (tragique histoire d’un ancien poilu), préf. de Lucien Barbedette, La Vie mondiale, Alger, 1931, 198 p. [IFHS] Retour d'Italie fasciste : impressions et réflexions, éd. de L'Idée libre, coll. Les meilleurs œuvres des écrivains rationalistes, n° 3, Herblay, 1938, 16 p. Rêves et combats, préf. de Maurice Toesca, illust. de Yann Gregoire, Editions du scorpion, 1961, 552 p. Un matricule ? Non ! un homme, éd. de la LICP, Paris, 1934, 208 p. [IFHS] http://ytak.club.fr/octobre.html#6 Use your back button to return to your last page

Topics include "The Psychology of Anarchism," "The Dupes of Politics," "Sex Sterilization of Criminals," "The Resurrection of Alexander Berkman: Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist," "The Failure of Democracy," "Economic Efficiency—the Modern Menace," & "Damaged Goods" by Eugène Brieux (A Powerful Drama, Dealing with the Curse of Venereal Disease). http://ytak.club.fr/octobre.html#6

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"Joe Hill ain't dead,' he says to me.
'Joe Hill ain't never died...'"

http://www.spunk.org/library/groups/iww/sp000758.txt

Some current songsters recording Wobbly & Joe Hill material include U. Utah Phillips, Ani Difranco, Len Wallace & Billy Bragg. http://worldaccordion.tripod.com/
http://www.acousticmusic.com/fame/p01139.htm
http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/parton/2/history.html
http://www.mtv.com/bands/az/bragg_billy/37084/album.jhtml
Phil Ochs song?:
http://www.things.org/music/billy_bragg/digest_archives/v01.n1226
"I Dreamed I Saw Phil Ochs Last Night," by Billy Bragg, on the album "The Internationale" :
=http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~trent/...i-dreamed-i-saw-phil-ochs.html
Phil Ochs lyrics to his song about Joe Hill at:

http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~trent/ochs/lyrics/joe-hill.html

Joe Hill became a martyr upon his execution. Efforts by Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Woodrow Wilson, the government of Sweden, & many prominent Americans to get him a new trial failed. State officials had long before determined to get Hill. On the eve of his execution, Hill telegraphed Big Bill Haywood, head of the IWW: "Don't waste any time mourning. Organize." This sentiment became the theme of the well-known song memorializing him, which begins "I dreamed I saw Joe Hill last night/Alive as you & me." See Gibbs M. Smith, Labor Martyr: Joe Hill (1972).

You will eat bye & bye,
In that glorious land above the sky.
Work & pray, (work & pray),
Live on hay, (live on hay),
You'll get Pie in the Sky,
When you die, (that's a lie!)

The IWW is sometimes alive & active, http://www.iww.org/

The music of the labor movement has provided much of the dynamism for itself & other movements ... The Smithsonian has captured on its Folkways label the power of labor songs on the 1990 CD Don’t Mourn—Organize! Songs of Labor Songwriter Joe Hill. Included on this recording are a number of songs by Joe Hill ("The White Slave" & "There is Power in a Union") & about him (Phil Och’s "Joe Hill" & "Joe Hill Listens to the Praying," by Kenneth Patchen).

Paul Robeson’s powerful voice on "Joe Hill" is especially memorable, as is Utah Phillips’ "Joe Hill’s Last Will." This recording is a powerful witness to the strength of workers united, & to their resilience in the face of corporate power.

As the liner notes indicate, by the end of listening to this CD, you will feel like you know Joe Hill.

http://www.sojo.net/magazine/index.cfm/action/sojourners/issue/soj9809/article/980933.html

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1931 -- [October 7] André Colomer (1886-1931) dies. Poet, anarchist & finally a Communist.

In 1913 Colomer is involved with Manuel Devaldès & Gérard Lacaze-Duthiers in the review "L'action d'art". He fled the country during WWI, refusing military service. After the armistice he was again involved in "L'action d'art", & joined the trade union of the writers & dramatic authors.

In 1922, he is an organizer with the CGTU, & creates the confederal theatre. Involved in founding "Libertaire" & managed "La revue anarchiste".

In 1927, he broke with anarchism, to become a "true Communist" (only a few years before he had denounced the Bolshevik dictatorship). Moved to the USSR & died there.

"Inciter les anarchistes et les syndicalistes fédéralistes à prendre toute leurs précautions, non seulement pour éviter de tomber dans les pièges où se sont brisés et meurtris les anarchistes russes, mais encore pour être capables, aux heures révolutionnaires, d'opposer leurs propres conceptions pratiques de la production et de la répartition des biens nécessaires à la vie à celle des dictateurs communistes".

(In Répression de l'anarchisme en Russie soviétique (1923).

http://ytak.club.fr/decembre1.html#4

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1934 -- [October 7] Brazil: Green Shirt fascists in São Paulo attempt to mimic Mussolini's "March on Rome," only to be scattered in disarray when confronted by the anarchists determined to stop them at the Praça da Séto. Simão Rodovich, discovering the fascists are armed with machine guns to counter the counter-demonstrators, got into an enormous shoot out that left six people dead.

In 1934, there is a great confrontation in the city center between anarchists & fascists - "integralistas" as the latter are called in Brazil - in the Square of the Sé (Praça da Séto). The workers of the Federação Operária de São Paulo (Labor Federation of Sao Paulo) decided to confront the integralistas, & the anarchists also organized themselves to join in the showdown. The periodical "A Plebe" (“The Common People”) which previously expressed concern about the rise of fascism, publicized the march & counter-demonstration, & the anarchists were determined to be there for the demonstration. On the day the day of the march they & their comrades occupied in strategical places in the Square, & they weare also armed (because the time was not for tricks, age of fight). The fascist green shirts (in Italy they were the Black Shirts; in the US they were the Silver Shirts), gathered for their march, waiting 500 a thousand people that they had not arrived at as much, placing women & children at the front, thinking that nobody would go off against women & children. The anarchists had waited that women & children passed & later… having one of the friends - Simão perceived Rodovich that he had machine guns that they were ready to go off on the laborers, it takes account of one of them & an enormous shoot out starts then. Six people died, many of them had been wounded & some dying later had to wounds, but what it is to point out are that had an enormous disbandment, the walk of the fascists aborted. This to demonstrate that the movement anarchist did not die, the manifestation of 1934 demonstrates that it was well alive. Parenthetically, the Communist Party did not arrive in the height to have 1000 filiados ones in the party, however they had almost arrived to say that they had been they to face the integralistas. Irónico is not? On the other hand the Laboring Federacy of São Paulo had more than 80 unions that they did not belong to the State. Source, see: [ Jaime Cubero e o Movimento Anarquista no Brasil]; from "Revista Utopia" #8 (Portugal), which also appears online at CMI Brasil

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1880 -- [October 9] Switzerland: The last congress of the Jurassic Federation (Jura Federation), at La Chaux-de-Fonds, adopts anarchist communist goals, "conséquence nécessaire et inévitable de la révolution sociale".

Peter Kropotkin was the leading force at the Federation congress in this year. While he did not formulate any major new stances here, he did work to refine many of the views that the Jura Federation held. Previously there was still no strong sympathy for anarcho-communism among the mainstream of the European anarchist movement despite previous efforts in this direction by Élisée Reclus, Enrico Malatesta, Carlo Cafiero, Paul Brousse, etc.

At this point, the Federation began to move away from its traditional views, which had been developed by Michael Bakunin, & towards the views expressed by Peter. The primary differences arose in the question of wages. Bakunin had supported a system in which wages were based on the type & amount of work performed. Peter preferred the idea that the means of production & survival could be evenly divided among all those in a society. His speeches at this time formed an important basis for the socialist movement.

The first tentative step in this direction was only taken by the Jura Federation at their annual congress at La Chaux-de-Fonds in 1880. At these meetings both Kropotkin & Reclus spoke in favor of an anarcho-communist program, but it was the Italian militant Carlo Cafiero who made the most persuasive contribution to the discussion.

He declared that the socialization of capital without the socialization of the products of labor would entail the preservation of the monetary system & the ability to accumulate wealth which, once associated with the right of inheritance, would ensure the disappearance of all equality. The individual apportionment of products, moreover, would result not only in the re-establishment of inequality among people, but also of inequality between different types of work with non-manual labor for the better-off & manual labor for the poorest, a system bringing with it the rebirth of the system of reward & punishment....

Despite the reservations of leading anarchist militants like James Guillaume & Adhemar Schwitzguebel, the Congress adopted an uncompromisingly anarcho-communist program for the Jura Federation.

It would be a full eighteen months after the Congress of La Chaux-de-Fonds that Kropotkin began to discuss anarcho-communist ideas in the pages of Le Revolte.

Source material, see http://makhno.nefac.net/node/291 & http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/kropotkin/chronology.html

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It is remarkable that in the beginning of 1876 the same idea (accepted by the Florence congress in October) was incidentally mentioned in a diminutive pamphlet published in Geneva by Francois Dumartheray, a refugee from Lyon.

Dumartheray, Perral & others had for years belonged to a small & very advanced Geneva section called "L'Avenir" where those ideas had matured & Dumartheray was in 1879 one of Kropotkin's comrades & helpmate on the 'Revolte'.

These ideas originated for yet another time in Kropotkin's mind when he was working for anarchist propaganda in Switzerland. They are formulated in his "Idee anarchiste au point de vue de sa realisation pratique", read before the Jurassian sections October 12, 1879, whilst Cafiero resumed then in "Anarchie et Communisme", laid before the Jurassian congress of October 9-19, 1880. From that time they were generally accepted except in Spain.

See Max Nettlau, Errico Malatesta: The Biography of an Anarchist (NY: Jewish Anarchist Federation, 1924)

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1938 -- [October 9] Spain: Libertarian Movement Congress; Pura Perez Arcos reports:

We sailed from the port of Alicante on the afternoon of October 7th, in a small English boat. The group included people from Madrid, Valencia & a variety of places in Andalusia. Our tiny Mujeres Libres delegation was inspired by the great hopes & expectations we had of the congress...to make a trip in those days was very risky, & we all knew it.

The harbours were being bombarded every night, & we were totally illegal travellers on this British boat, which had to sail right be Franquista ships. We were due to arrive the next morning, but as we neared the harbour, we could hear the explosions of the fascist bombing of the port. The captain headed north, & we sailed around all that day & night, finally arriving in Barcelona, exhausted & hungry on the morning of the 9th.

We were tremendously excited & ready to argue the case for Mujeres Libres on the floor of the congress. But they would not even allow us into the meeting.

Coincidentally Emma Goldman was also trying to get in. While she was given full access, the congress floor only allowed Mujeres Libres into discussions that primarily affected them. http://www.geocities.com/Paris/2159/womspain.html

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1940 -- [October 9]

Other pop or rock stars beside John Lennon with literary merits (novels, collections of poems, short story collections): Bob Dylan, Jim Morrison, Nick Cave, Ulf Lundell, Leonard Cohen, Ray Davies.

"Davies' literary output includes a science-fiction-novel-cum-"unauthorized autobiography," X-RAY, & a collection of short stories, WATERLOO SUNSET. Also directed two feature films, the avant-garde musical RETURN TO WATERLOO & the Charles Mingus documentary WEIRD NIGHTMARE. Written extensively for the theater...

& his songs kick ass."

— Bleedster Jesse Walker, Kick-Ass, Walkman!

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See: The Penguin John Lennon; Lennon Remembers: The Rolling Stone Interviews by Jann Wenner; The Lennon Factor by Paul Young; The John Lennon Story by George Tremlett; John Lennon: One Day At A Time: A Personal Biography of The Seventies by Anthony Fawcett; A Twist of Lennon by Cynthia Lennon; John Lennon: The Life & Legend, Editors of Sunday Times; Lennon: What Happened, ed. by Timothy Green; Strawberry Fields Forever: John Lennon Remembered, by Vic Garbarini, Brian Cullman & Barbara Graustark; John Lennon: Death of a Dream by George Carpozi; The Lennon Tapes, by Andy Peebles; John Lennon: In My Life by Peter Shotton & Nicholas Schaffer; Loving John by May Pang; Dakota Days by John Green; The Book of Lennon by Bill Harry; John Oko Lennon 1967-1980 by Ray Coleman; John Winston Lennon 1940-66 by Ray Coleman; Come Together by Jon Wiener; John Lennon: For the Record by Peter McCabe & Robert D. Schonfeld; The Lennon Companion by Elisabeth M. Thomson & David Gutman; Imagine John Lennon by Andrew Solt & Sam Egan; Skywriting By Word Of Mouth by John Lennon; The Lives of John Lennon by Albert Goldman; John Lennon My Brother by Julia Baird; The Other Side of Lennon by Sandra Shevey; Days in the Life by Philip Norman; The Murder of John Lennon by Fenton Bresler; The Art & Music of John Lennon by John Robertson; In My Life by Kevin Howless & Mark Lewisohn; John Lennon by Fredric Seaman; Let Me Take You Down by Jack Jones; The Immortal John Lennon 1940-1980 by Michael Heatley; AI: Japan Through John Lennon's Eyes (A Personal Sketchbook) by John Lennon

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1609 -- [October 10] anarchist

The English Diggers (1649-50)

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Lots More Stuff

• The Digger Songs (lyrics from Xerox PARC's Digital Tradition folksong archive
  • The World Turned Upside Down by Christopher Hill
  • The Religion of Gerrard Winstanley & Digger Communism by Donald R. Sutherland
  • Utopias of the English Revolution by Marie Louise Berneri
  • Kenneth Rexroth's chapter on "Winstanley & the Diggers", from Communalism: From Its Origins to the Twentieth Century
    http://www.diggers.org/rexroth_diggers.htm
    

  Winstanley (& English Digger) Writings

  • Truth Lifting Up Its Head Above Scandals (1648)
  • The New Law Of Righteousness (January, 1649)

  & let all men say what they will, so long as such are rulers as call the land theirs, upholding this particular propriety of mine & thine, the common people shall never have their liberty, nor the land be ever freed from troubles, oppressions, & complainings, by reason whereof the Creator of all things is continually provoked. . .

  • The True Leveller's Standard Advanced... (April 20, 1649). [aka, the First Digger Manifesto]

  The Work we are going about is this, To dig up Georges-Hill & the waste Ground thereabouts, & to Sow Corn, & to eat our bread together by the sweat of our brows. & the First Reason is this, That we may work in righteousness, & lay the Foundation of making the Earth a Common Treasury for All...

  • A Declaration from the Poor Oppressed People of England [aka the Second Digger Manifesto] (June 1, 1649):

  That we must neither buy nor sell. Money must not any longer (after our work of the Earths Community is advanced) be the great god that hedges in some & hedges out others...

  • A Letter to the Lord Fairfax, & His Councell of War (June 9, 1649)
  • A Watch-word to the Citie of London... (August 26, 1649)

  Not a full year since, being quiet at my work, my heart was filled with sweet thoughts... That the earth shall be made a common treasury of livlihood to whole mankind, without respect of persons; yet my mind was not at rest... for action is the life of all, & if thou dost not act, thou dost nothing...

  • A New yeers Gift Sent To The Parliament & Armie (January 1, 1650)
  • An Appeale to all Englishmen (March, 1650)
  • An Humble Request (April 9, 1650)
  • The Law Of Freedom in a Platform, or True Magistracy Restored (1652)

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SF Diggers Digger, any of a group of agrarian communists who flourished in England in 1649-50 & were led by Gerrard Winstanley (q.v.) & William Everard. In April 1649 about 20 poor men assembled at St. George's Hill, Surrey, & began to cultivate the common land. These Diggers held that the English Civil Wars had been fought against the king & the great landowners; now that Charles I had been executed, land should be made available for the very poor to cultivate. (Food prices had reached record heights in the late 1640s.) The numbers of the Diggers more than doubled during 1649. Their activities alarmed the Commonwealth government & roused the hostility of local landowners, who were rival claimants to the common lands. The Diggers were harassed by legal actions & mob violence, & by the end of March 1650 their colony was dispersed. The Diggers themselves abjured the use of force. The Diggers also called themselves True Levelers, but their communism was denounced by the leaders of the Levelers. Copyright (c) 1994, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Related Propaedia Topics: Oliver Cromwell, the Commonwealth, & the Protectorate (1649-60); the Stuart Restoration (1660) under Charles II (1660-85) & James II (1685-88); the Glorious Revolution of 1688 & end of crown rule without Parliament

The Digger Songs (See also Chumbawamba Lyrics from The a capella album, at http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Basement/8448/cwlers.html ) Levellers & Diggers (Gerard Winstanley) RealAudio recording of this song is apparently no longer online; try downloading the Real Audio file, ca. 500k in size, http://www.diggers.org/audio/diggersong.rm .)) From A Ballad History of England, Palmer You noble Diggers all, stand up now, stand up now, You noble Diggers all, stand up now, The wast land to maintain, seeing Cavaliers by name Your digging does maintain, & persons all defame Stand up now, stand up now. Your houses they pull down, stand up now, stand up now, Your houses they pull down, stand up now. Your houses they pull down to fright your men in town But the gentry must come down, & the poor shall wear the crown. Stand up now, Diggers all. With spades & hoes & plowes, stand up now, stand up now With spades & hoes & plowes stand up now, Your freedom to uphold, seeing Cavaliers are bold To kill you if they could, & rights from you to hold. Stand up now, Diggers all. Theire self-will is theire law, stand up now, stand up now, Theire self-will is theire law, stand up now. Since tyranny came in they count it now no sin To make a gaol a gin, to starve poor men therein. Stand up now, Diggers all. The gentrye are all round, stand up now, stand up now, The gentrye are all round, stand up now. The gentrye are all round, on each side they are found, Theire wisdom's so profound, to cheat us of our ground Stand up now, stand up now. The lawyers they conjoyne, stand up now, stand up now, The lawyers they conjoyne, stand up now, To arrest you they advise, such fury they devise, The devill in them lies, & hath blinded both their eyes. Stand up now, stand up now. The clergy they come in, stand up now, stand up now, The clergy they come in, stand up now. The clergy they come in, & say it is a sin That we should now begin, our freedom for to win. Stand up now, Diggers all. The tithes they yet will have, stand up now, stand up now, The tithes they yet will have, stand up now. The tithes they yet will have, & lawyers their fees crave, & this they say is brave, to make the poor their slave. Stand up now, Diggers all. 'Gainst lawyers & 'gainst Priests, stand up now, stand up now, 'Gainst lawyers & 'gainst Priests stand up now. For tyrants they are both even flatt againnst their oath, To grant us they are loath free meat & drink & cloth. Stand up now, Diggers all. The club is all their law, stand up now, stand up now, The club is all their law, stand up now. The club is all their law to keep men in awe, But they no vision saw to maintain such a law. Stand up now, Diggers all. The Cavaleers are foes, stand up now, stand up now, The Cavaleers are foes, stand up now; The Cavaleers are foes, themselves they do disclose By verses not in prose to please the singing boyes. Stand up now, Diggers all. To conquer them by love, come in now, come in now To conquer them by love, come in now; To conquer them by love, as itt does you behove, For hee is King above, noe power is like to love, Glory heere, Diggers all. World Turned Upside Down (Diggers) — Leon Rosselson Recorded by Dick Gaughan In 1649 To St George's Hill A ragged band they called the Diggers Came to show the people' s will They defied the landlords They defied the laws They were the dispossessed Reclaiming what was theirs We come in peace, they said To dig & sow We come to work the land in common & to make the waste land grow This earth divided We will make whole So it can be A common treasury for all. The sin of property We do disdain No one has any right to buy & sell The earth for private gain By theft & murder They took the land Now everywhere the walls Rise up at their command. They make the laws To chain us well The clergy dazzle us with heaven Or they damn us into hell We will not worship The God they serve The God of greed who feeds the rich While poor men starve We work, we eat together We need no swords We will not bow to masters Or pay rent to the lords We are free men Though we are poor You Diggers all stand up for glory Stand up now From the men of property The orders came They sent the hired men & troopers To wipe out the Diggers' claim Tear down their cottages Destroy their corn They were dispersed — Only the vision lingers on You poor take courage You rich take care The earth was made a common treasury For everyone to share All things in common All people one We come in peace The order came to cut them down

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1889 -- [October 10]

Errico Malatesta, having returned from South America, begins issuing the publication "L'Associazione."

In 1888 & '89 immigration into the Argentine Republic increased rapidly & unemployment & strikes made their appearance.

Malatesta seems to have spent this period at Buenos Aires doing active propaganda; we read in the "Revolte" of March 24, 1889, that some time ago the commissioner of police sent for him, to tell him that the police would be represented at all public meetings. They tried also to assist at private (group) meetings, but desisted when invited to leave.

Meetings were held on March 18 (1888), on the occasion of the first local strikes, etc., & it is probably that the movement "El Perseguido" was first issued, continued until Jan. 31, 1897, the first of the rapidly developing active & numerous press, culminating in the "Protesta Humana" (June 13, 1897), followed by the (daily) "Protesta") (April 5, 1904 [edited by Alberto Ghiraldo]), which for so many years weathers all storms.

Malatesta may not have wished to waste his life so far away; news from Italy or the general revival of Socialism, just beginning in 1889 & marked by the London dock strike, the first of May (1890), etc., may have prompted him, & the means for a new printing propaganda were also available. So he returned to Europe, & in September, 1889, began to issue publications at Nice.

An Appello (in Italian, 4 pp. in 4') & a Circular (in Spanish, 2 pp. in 4') announced in September, 1889, the publication of "L'Associazione," of which Nos. 1-3 were published at Nice (October 10, etc.) & Nos. 4-7, until January 23, 1890, in London.

Max Nettlau, Errico Malatesta: The Biography of an Anarchist

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1927 -- [October 11] Canada: Emma Goldman's ambitious lecture series, October 11-December 8, begins at Hygeia Hall, Toronto.

The series consists of 18 lectures & covers drama as well as social & literary topics, including the plays of Shaw, Galsworthy, & Ibsen, Walt Whitman, "Crime & Punishment," "The Menace of Military Preparedness," "Evolution versus Religious Bigotry," "The Child & Its Enemies," "Sex--A Dominant Element in Life & Art," & "Has Feminism Achieved Its Aim?"

Audiences for her lectures are disappointing, & the aging anarchist-feminist determines to return to Europe in the new year & begin writing her autobiography.

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1920 -- [October 12] Italy: Armando Borghi, general secretary of the Unione Sindicale Italiana (USI) & militant anarchist, arrested in Milan by some order dating from July 20, but which had not been executed before.

Armando Borghi's arrest is meant to cripple the union, which represents some 300,000 workers; his wife, Virgilia d'Andrea, who continued Borghi's work, is arrested also, & on the 21st about 25 delegates of the union, meeting at Bologna, are arrested en masse.

On October 14 protest meetings are held all over Italy demanding the release of these political prisoners & to express solidarity with Revolutionary Russia, opposing government particiption in the effort by US & other nations (who invaded) to restore capitalist rule in Russia. Two hours cessation of work (from 3 to 5 p.m.) formed part of this protest.

On the 15th the office of USI's paper "Umanita Nova" is raided, the editorial staff arrested, everything searched, including the rooms of Errico Malatesta who happens to be out of Bologna.

Over 80 arrests occurred in Milan, &, in the morning of October 17, the veteran jailbird Malatesta is nabbed.

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Kropotkin's father had maintained a great deal of control over Peter's life. When he finally passed away, Peter finally had control over his own life. At this point, he quit his civil service position. The Imperial Geographic Society offered him the position of secretary (a great honor for a man of his age). Peter viewed a career in the Society as wasteful & declined the offer. Peter had become interested in the worker's movement during the Franco-Prussian War due to the newspaper coverage of the Paris Commune. In this period of transition within his life, Peter planned to travel abroad to learn more about the worker's movement.

(He travels to Switzerland Feb-May 1872 where he is impressed by the anarchist Jura Federation).

http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/kropotkin/chronology.html

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"...the Bonnot Gang appeared. They claimed to be anarchists; they probably were. They appealed to the imagination of the Parisians. they were hardly "gentle grafters" but the nearest to it in France was "bandits tragiques", romantic robbers. it was believed that they took from the rich to give to the poor. They were "good guys" & the flics were "baddies" because the Parisians understood that when the chips were down the Bonnot Gang was ultimately on their side & the police with their clubs would be on the other (even in time of war, even in time of foreign occupation). They were not "lump" to the Parisians. They were at most "les miserables". In the finish they did not awaken the proletariats a la Blanqui; but their subsequent careers showed THEY learned a lot from the proletariat. In particular, that the bourgeois criminals of society had the big battalions on their side, & would ultimately come to dominate the underworld; the Bonnot Gang went down fighting as the last of the Apaches."

— Ezra Brett Mell, The Truth About the Bonnot Gang

See:

• Richard Parry, The Bonnot Gang (London: Rebel Press).
  
• Gyllenhak, Ulf: La Bande à Bonnot. In: Clavé, Florenci/Godard, Christian (Hg.): Viel Blut für teures Geld. Berlin 1990
  
• Malet, Leo: Das Leben ist zum Kotzen. Hamburg 1992
  
• Thomas, Bernhard: Anarchisten. Ein Bericht. Freiburg 1970
  
• Film: »La Bande de l'auto grise« von Victorin Jasset, Frankreich 1912; »La Bande à Bonnot« mit Jacques Brel und Annie Girardot, Frankreich 1989. Zum zweiten Dossier-Text

  
  http://www.spunk.org/library/prison/sp001772.html
  http://www.chez.com/durru/bonnot/bonnot.htm
  
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnot_gang

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Algerian anarchist Sail Mahomed lives (1894-1953), Taourit-Béni-Ouglis, en Kabylie.

Ce poème de Prévert extrait de Paroles symbolise le combat d’une vie, celui de Saïl Mohamed. Saïl Mohamed, Ameriane ben Amezaine, est né le 14 octobre 1894 à Taourit-Béni-Ouglis, en Kabylie. Comme beaucoup d’Algériens, il a peu fréquenté l’école. Chauffeur-mécanicien de profession, il fut toute sa vie assoiffé de culture. Il vécut avec Madeleine Sagot. On sait peu de choses de sa jeunesse ; on apprend par un témoignage qu’il donne au Semeur de Normandie, le journal d’A. Barbé, qu’il est interné pour insoumission puis pour désertion pendant la première guerre mondiale. Ses sympathies pour le mouvement libertaire sont déjà affirmées.

In Algeria, the anarchist movement emerged in the 19th-century. The Revolutionary Syndicalist General Confederation of Labour (CGT-SR) had a section in Algeria. Like other anarchist organizations, the CGT-SR opposed French colonialism, & in a joint statement by the Anarchist Union, the CGT-SR, & the Association of Anarchist Federations on the centenary of the French occupation of Algeria in 1930, argued: "Civilisation? Progress? We say: murder!".

A prominent militant in the CGT-SR's Algerian section, as well as in the Anarchist Union & the Anarchist Group of the Indigenous Algerians, was Sail Mohamed, an Algerian anarchist active in the anarchist movement from the 1910s until his death in 1953. Sail Mohamed was a founder of organizations such as the Association for the Rights of the Indigenous Algerians & the Anarchist Group of the Indigenous Algerians. In 1929 he was secretary of the "Committee for the Defence of the Algerians against the Provocations of the Centenary."

Sail Mohamed was also editor of the North African edition of the anarchist periodical Terre Libre, & a regular contributor to anarchist journals on the Algerian question.

"http://cnt-ait.info/article.php3?id_article=1042"
http://endehors.org/news/6398.shtml
http://cnt-ait.info/article.php3?id_article=959

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1988 -- [October 14] New Japanese Anarchist Federation forms this month, & publishes the journal "Free Will" (Jiyû Ishi) up till the present time.

Although this new Anarchist Federation has a nationwide network of contacts, the scale of its support is much smaller than its namesake of the 1940s, let alone the prewar federations, such as Kokuren or Zenkoku Jiren.

Anarchist syndicalism is represented by the small group called the Workers' Solidarity Movement (Rôdôsha Rentai Undô) which has existed in its present form since 1983. The Workers' Solidarity Movement is affiliated to the IWA/AIT (the Syndicalist International) & since 1989 has published the journal Libertarian Communism (Zettai Jiyû Kyôsanshugi).

As for anarchist communism, its most visible manifestation today is the small but active publishing house called the Black Battlefront Company (Kokushoku Sensen Sha) which is grouped round the old militant, Ôshima Eizaburô. Among recent Black Battlefront publications, the multivolume Materials on the Nôseisha Incident (Nôson Seinen Sha Jiken Shiryô, 1991 onwards) reflects the belief of many postwar anarchists that there are important lessons to be learnt from studying the theories & practice of earlier generations of anarchists.

One point which has often been made regarding postwar anarchism is that, while the self-declared anarchist movement is smaller than previously, unconsciously "anarchist" organization & activity have been noticeable among various groups engaged in struggle. This argument was frequently heard at the height of the student movement during the 1960s & 1970s, & more recently similar claims have been made regarding the "citizens' movements" (grass roots campaigns, generally directed towards a single issue).

http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/japan/sp001883/japchap3.html

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1898 -- [October 15]

Jean Brault today attends the founding meeting for the group "Les Cravacheurs" in La Salle, Illinois. The group met two Saturdays per month at its residence at 334 Channel Street. Brault, a French miner, born in Courrières (Pas-de-Calais), emigrated to the US & was involved in militant activities in Spring Valley, Pennsylvania & La Salle in the 1890s. Brault moved to socialism & joined the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) in 1910. Source: Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes, http://militants-anarchistes.info/

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Contents : Reports, letters & telegrams of the police concerning Errico Malatesta's activities & whereabouts, with translations & explanatory notes of Borghi ca.1913-1914, 1917-1920/21, 1927, 1930 & n.d.; a few documents on the attempt to assassinate Mussolini 1926; miscellanea. Supplement: Photocopies of letters & other documents from & relating to Armando Borghi, including letters from Borghi, Luigi Fabbri, Luce Fabbri, Luciano Farinelli & John Sallustio. NB. Originals in the Biblioteca Libertaria Armando Borghi, Castelbolognese, Italy.
http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/b/10729154full.php
Fabbri, Luce

http://ytak.club.fr/octobre3.html#uai

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1933 -- [October 15] American liberal Mabel Carver Crouch, during this month, begins working furiously for Emma Goldman's readmission to the US, organizing a committee & soliciting the help of lawyers & others with contacts in the new administration in Washington, D.C.

In the summer, Crouch had visited with Emma in St. Tropez, as did Milly & Rudolf Rocker. Goldman began considering a tour of Canada in early 1934, following Rudolf Rocker, who completed his projected tour of Canada & the US. Canadians responded favorably, with Toronto anarchists pledging funds to pay for Goldman's passage to Canada.

http://ytak.club.fr/octobre3.html#uai

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1908 -- [October 17] Emma Goldman begins national lecture tour while the country is immersed in presidential campaigning; hopes to wind up her tour on the West Coast & depart for Australia in the new year.

Lecture topics include "The Political Circus & Its Clowns," "Puritanism, the Great Obstacle to Liberty," & "Life versus Morality." Large audiences attend Emma's lectures in Pittsburgh & Cleveland. On the 27th she is prevented from speaking in Indianapolis.

In St. Louis she meets William Marion Reedy, editor of the "St. Louis Mirror," whose article "The Daughter of the Dream," published later, praises her.

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1936 -- [October 17] Spain: In Perdiguera (Aragon), the International Group of the Durruti Column, composed of 250 anarchists, engage in a battle against the fascists.

Many friends & partners are killed;

Louis Berthomieu, a close friend of Charles Ridel (Louis Mercier Vega) & François-Charles Carpentier (founder of the international group), blows himself up with dynamite rather than to fall into the hands of the fascists. Four women are shot, including:

Georgette (known as "Mimosa"), a militant participant in the "Revue Anarchiste", & partner of Ferdinand Félix Fortin;

Gertrude, a young German militant, member of the POUM. Also shot:

Giral (or Giralt), an anarcho-syndicalist of the CGT-SR, previously wounded at Sietamo;

Biudeaux, & others.

http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=2727&lang=en

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1957 -- [October 17] Albert Camus is awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. Camus wrote for many years for the anarchist & left wing press in France.

1961 -- [October 17] France: Paris police massacre over 200 (possibly 300) Algerians protesting against police oppression & the curfew imposed against their community in Paris. <

In the three months preceding the protest, over 30 Paris cops were killed by the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), a group using terrorist tactics to fight French colonial rule. In response, Paris police chief Maurice Papon ordered a violent crackdown on Paris' Algerian community, explaining to officers that they would be protected against any charges of excessive violence.

Police searched the Algerian ghettos for FLN members, indiscriminately killing a number of innocent Algerians before turning their guns on a large group of protestors gathered near the Seine River. The next day, the police release an official death toll of three dead & 67 wounded, a figure generally disregarded by witnesses who observe bodies littering the area & floating in the Seine.

Some publications in France that tried to reveal the truth were censored. Temps Modernes, the magazine of Jean-Paul Sartre, the philosopher & author, called the episode "a pogrom". The edition was seized by Maurice Papon, then chief of police.

Papon, was a former minister accused of deporting more than 1,500 Jews to Nazi death camps during WWII.

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1844 -- [October 18] Amilcare Cipriani (1844-1918), born, Rimini

Condemned to death for his role in the Paris Commune, but sent to a prison colony at Nouvelle Calédonie. He returned to France with the amnesty of 1880, but was expelled. He was arrested in Italy, January 1881 for "conspiracies", & sent to prison for 20 years.

A campaign to secure his release got him out in 1888. Cipriani returned to France & collaborated in the anarchist press, with "Le Plébéien", etc.

In 1897, he went to Greece to fight against the Turks & was wounded. July 30, 1898, in Italy, he is was sent to prison, with five other anarchists, for three years.

AMILCARE CIPRIANI

acque ad Anzio nel 1844; la sua famiglia si trasferì a Rimini quando aveva appena quindici giorni. Studiò in una scuola gestita da religiosi, dove il suo spirito ribelle fu scarsamente apprezzato. Nel 1859, non ancora quindicenne, fuggì di casa per arruolarsi nell'esercito piemontese e combattè nella battaglia di San Martino. Nel 1860 fu con Garibaldi nell'impresa dei Mille; fu di nuovo con Garibaldi nel '62, nella sfortunata spedizione conclusasi ad Aspromonte. Ricercato come disertore, raggiunse la Grecia e poi l'Egitto, da cuì tornò nel 1866 per combattere nelle file di Garibaldi.

itornato ad Alessandria d'Egitto, nel 1867, durante una rissa fra emigrati, uccise un compatriota e accoltellò due guardie egiziane. A Londra, dov'era riparato, conobbe Mazzini; si trasferì poi in Francia e combattè contro i Prussiani. Nel 1871 prese parte alla difesa della Comune di Parigi; scampato fortunosamente alla pena di morte, fu deportato in Nuova Caledonia, condannato a vita. Fu graziato dopo otto anni, nel 1880. Espulso dalla Francia, riparò in Svizzera, dove conobbe Carlo Cafiero.

ientrato in Italia, fu subito arrestato; nel 1882, ad Ancona, fu processato per il vecchio affaire egiziano e condannato a vent'anni di lavori forzati, da scontare a Portolongone. La sentenza suscitò generali e accese proteste; tutta la Sinistra si mobilitò per strapparlo al carcere.

el 1886, alle elezioni politiche, fu perciò presentata la sua "candidatura di protesta" nei collegi di Ravenna e Forlì, dove risultò eletto con consensi plebiscitari. L'elezione fu però annullata. Nel 1888, a Milano, si celebrò nuovamente il processo, che si concluse con l'assoluzione. Rimesso in libertà, Cipriani fu salutato da accoglienze entusiastiche. Tornò nuovamente a Parigi, dove fondò l'"Unione dei popoli latini": iniziativa che non piacque agli anarchici. In Francia si avvicinò alle posizioni socialiste e collaborò attivamente a quotidiani e periodici. Nel 1897 partì per la Grecia, per combattere contro i Turchi, e fu ferito nella battaglia di Domokos. Alle elezioni dello stesso anno fu nuovamente candidato, e di nuovo l'elezione fu annullata. Sarà ancora candidato ed eletto nel 1914, ma non potrà sedere in Parlamento per essersi rifiutato di prestare il rituale giuramento. Morì a Parigi nel 1918.

See also, in French:
http://ytak.club.fr/octobre3.html#18
See also http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/egypt.htm

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1937 -- [October 18] Emma Goldman confirmed as London representative of the SIA (International Antifascist Solidarity)

Emma meets & consults with many anarchists in Paris in November, then in London searches for premises for an SIA office & reading room.

In December, she continues her campaign against imprisonment of anti-Stalinist leftists & anarchists in Spain, writing an article for "Spain & the World" & trying to enlist the assistance of sympathetic Members of Parliament.

During this month she also attends the International Working Men's Association (IWMA) Congress in Paris at Vazquez's request: French comrades, because she is sympathetic to the CNT-FAI's policies, try to keep her from addressing the Congress since she is not an official delegate, but Spanish & Swedish delegates prevail in having her speak, & she defends the CNT-FAI's actions & the difficult decisions it has made against criticism from comrades outside Spain.

By January (1938) she moves into new offices for the CNT-FAI, SIA, & "Spain & the World" in central London, but finds little enthusiasm for the SIA venture, as numerous antifascist organizations & Spanish aid committees already exist.

http://ytak.club.fr/octobre3.html#18
See also

http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/history/spain/
http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/egypt.htm

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Professor of Physics at the University of Genova. Founded the Gioventù Anarchica Genovese & Circolo Anarchico Armando Borghi, member GAF. From 1970-1980, activist in the Circle Ferrer di Marassi.

http://www.ecn.org/uenne/archivio/archivio2001/un37/art1878.html

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In September a guard killed the anarchist convict François Briens, & tonite the guard is killed in revenge & three others stabbed. The revolt was quickly put down, & on the 22nd 11 convicts are killed. Informers had tipped off prison officials to the revolt & they were just waiting:

Initial plans may have included Clement Duval, the famed burglar, but he did not directly take part in it. He did jot down the names of the anarchists among the dead: Garnier, Boasi, Simon (aka Biscuit), Jules Léauthier, Lebeau, Mazarguil, Thiervoz, Benoît Chevenet, Pierre Meyrveis & Edmond Marpaux.

"Cold blood & no quarter given" had been the orders of the Commander Bonafi, chief of Internal Security, whose men had got as drunk as pigs for the occasion. In an incredible massacre, the ... anarchists were overpowered & mercilessly killed, one by one: Garnier, Boesie, Simon, Le Leauthier, Lebault, Masservin, Dervaux, Chevenet, Mesuesis, Kesvau, Marpeaux; the next day their bullet ridden bodies were thrown into the sea for the sharks to eat, while the hurriedly appointed Commission of Inquiry continued the repression, arresting & putting in irons anyone who was even slightly suspected of helping the rebels.

See the Anarchist Encyclopedia
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/DuvalClement.htm

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TEN DAYS THAT SHOOK THE WORLD

The biggest anarchist festival with over 500 events throughout London, Oct 21- 30th.

Stop press: Levitation of parliament Oct 23rd
Stop the City: Street Action against the Criminal Justice Bill Oct 27th

Participants: Reflective Theatre * Andy Chapman * Lodra Dawa * Edgar Broughton Band * Pat V.T. West * Working Press * London Socialist Film Co-op * Dennis Gould * Sad Society * Fashionable Living Death * Hoax * Aberdeen F.l.N. * Anti-fascist Action * Peter Pavement * Haven Distribution * Slab 'o Concrete * Blind Mole Rat * Sound Clash * Oi Polloi * Oxfin * Bad Attitude * Animal * Crossfire Films * Open Eye * London Anarchist Forum * Freedom Bookshop * Freedom press * Jamie Reed * Gee * Barthe Shouting * I.W.W. * By Pass * Chris Walsh * Head * Cool Tan Arts * Peace news * Larry O'Hara * Cyclorama * Giaconda Smile * Jeff Nuttall * Robin Webb * Donald Rooum * John Rety * Fun Times * Jigsaw * Ramraid Sound System * Travellers Support Group * Dave Morris * Edinburgh Fanzine Archive * Despite T.V. * Exploding Cinema * Madame Anarcha * Richard Parry * lan Bone * Roadent * Laurens Otter * Gusset * Our Day will Come * Anarchist Yearbook * 56a Info Shop * Planet News * Mother Clan * Dead Dog Mountain * A.L.F. * Izvestia (Rennes) * Arthur Moyse * Jeff Cloves * Penny Rimbaud * Wildcat Comics * Words of Warning * South Bristol Anarchists * Kate Sharpley Library * Robb Johnson * Cliff Harper * Derek Wall * Green Revolution * Anarchist Bookfair * Phoenix Press * Anhrefn * Roy Bailey * Armchair Press * New Anarchist Review * Rebel Press * Green Line * Contra-Flow * Davey Garland * Faslane Peace Camp * Bugs 'n' Drugs * Chaos U.K. * The Roughler* Riff Raff Poets * Ruptured Ambitions * Earth First * Profane Existence (Minneapolis) * Shambhala Skin * Mortarhate * Spithead * Round the Bend * Temple of Psychic Youth * Hunt Saboteurs Association * George Melly * Martin Everett * Fast Breeder * 121 Centre * Mick Parkin * Tony Allen * Forbidden Planet * Dave Douglass (Haffield NUM) * London Greenpeace * Green Anarchist* Freedom * Libertarian Education * Stephen Hancock* Schwartzeneggar * Cuckooland * Blaggers l.T.A. * Chumbawamba * Conflict * Verso * Alternative Tentacles * A.K. Distribution * A.K. Press * Active Distribution * Anarchist Distribution * DS4A * Steve Ignorant * Housemans Bookshop * M11 Link Campaign * A Space (Philadelphia) * Homocult * Cambridge Anarchists * Legalise Cannabis Campaign * Decadent Action * Extreme Books (Oregon) * Arnie * Greg Barr * Steve Booth * Stuart Home * Neoist Alliance * Freedom Network * Radical Dance Faction * Revolting * Lesbian & Gay Freedom Movement * Pink Panther * Montpellier Musicians Collective * Never Mind the Danger (Norwich Fanzine) * Wrecking the Planet * Chelmsford Unem- ployed Action * GERM * Seventh Wave * Jay Turner * Richard Adams * Filbo Fever (Leicester zine) * Bluebird Jones (Cardiff zine) * Marching Altogether (Leeds zine) * Blasphemy Squad * Noise Fest * Tribal Energy Sound System * Statik * Shambala Sound System * Ugly Beat * Intensive Care * London St. Pauli Supporters Club * Jake Laver * Green Wing * SMUG * Psychic Atters * Underground Power * Green Party * Golden Dawn Occult Society (Oxford) * Liberator Sound System. ... show more details MEETlNGS: Squatting * Animal Liberation * Green Politics * Comedy Club * Poetry Events * Anarchist History * Eye Witness * Film & Video * Syndicalism * Writers * Sci-fi * Roots * Jazz * Paganism * Football * Criminal Justice Bill * Self-publishing * Distribution * Riot GRRRLS * Computer networks * Sex * Drugs * Communes * Anarcha-feminism * Prisoners * Earth First * Bands * Direct Action * Non-violence * Peace movement * Riots * Situationism * Surrealism * Decadence * Class Struggle * Armed Struggle * Ram Raiding * Foreign Agitators * Cyber-punk * Stonehenge * Sex Pistols * Free Festivals * Anti-fascism * Raves * Street mobilisations * Punch & Judy * Theatre * Punk * Comics * Hoaxes * Research* The Secret State * Ml5 * Censorship * Occupations * Sound Systems * Parties * Orgy rooms * Exhibitions * Ranting * Astrology * New Age * Tapes * Records * Stalls * Books * Pamphlets * Heretical views * Pubs * Booze * Education * Visions of Poesy * Hunt Saboteurs * Anti-road campaigns * Occult * Class violence * Shopping without money * Autonomy * Miners Strike * Ireland * Republicanism * Zapatistas * Veganism * Durutti * Marxism * Emma Goldman * Angry Brigade * Siege of Sidney Street * Pirates * Pirate radio * Sabotage * Revolution * No-go zones * Crime * Strange ideas * Lesbian & Gay * Merry pranksters * Homo-cult * Fast Breeder * Chumbawamba * Queercore Sounds * Conflict * All night debates * Zines * Flyposting * Mail Art * Jamie Reed * Confrontation * George Melly * Profane Existence * Tony Allen * Strikes * Levitations * Class War * Yippies * Valerie Solanas * Pyscho-drifting * Penny Rimbaud * Anarchy!!!!! POETRY: Contributions from the wandering Riff-Raff poets Dennis Gould, JefF Cloves & Pat V.T. West. Readings from Davey Garland, Jake Laver, Bar the Shouting + 'Eco-Bards' Evening. 'Visions of Poesy': The first ever anthology of anarchist poetry & song will be launched during the festival with readings from as many contributors as possible. Edited by Jeff Cloves/Cliff Harper/Dennis Gould, published by Freedom Press, designed by Cliff Harper. Dedicated to the spirit of revolt. Contributors include: Anonymous ~ Julian Beck (of Living Theatre) ~ Ria Beer ~ Boffo/Chumbawamba (songs) ~ Sean Bonney ~ Brian Bunk ~ John Cage ~ Jeff Cloves ~ Alex Comfort ~ Lynn Cornelison ~ Adam Cornford * Crass/Penny Rimbaud (poems) * Harry Crosby * Dave Cunliffe * Bryony Dahl * Olive Dehn * Diane Di Prima * Janet Dube ~ Tom Early * (The Fabulous) Dirt Sisters (songs: Dorry Lake) * Lawrence Ferlinghetti * Douglas Fetterling * John Gallows * Allen Ginsberg * (some songs with Steve Allen) * Dennis Gould * Greenham Common women (songs) * John Healy (IWW) * Adrian Henri * Joe Hill (IWW songs) * Lisa Jarnot * Terry Jones (of Monty Python) * Bernard Kops * Tuli Kupferberg (The Fugs) * James Laughlin * Ursula Le Guin * Denise Levertov * Christopher Logue * Oliver Mahler * Judith Malina (Living Theatre) * Adrian Mitchell * Tom McSorley ~ Tina Morris * Arthur Moyse ~ Gene Nelson (IWW songs) * Kenneth Patchen * Marge Piercy * Paul Potts * Maxine (Max) Qwerty * Dachine Rainer * Den Ray (Songs: Planet Waves) * Herbert Read * John Rety * Kenneth Rexroth * Sex Pistols (Anarchy in the UK!) * Michelle Shocked (songs) * Alan Sillitoe * Monia Sjoo * Elizabeth Smart * Stevie Smith * Gary Snyder * Muriel Spark * T.Bone Slim (IWW Songs) * Unknown (IWW Songs) * Vi Subversa * Patricia V.T. West * Terrence Walpole * Chris Wind * George Woodcock

http://www.spunk.org/texts/events/an_uk/sp000617.txt

1882 -- [October 22] Antoine Cyvoct was wrongly suspected of the bombing at the restaurant of the Bellecour Theatre in Lyon, because of an article published in the Lyon anarchist paper "le droit social."

Cyvoct was sentenced to death, despite no proof he was responsible. His sentence was commuted to forced labor. Despite an intense campaign by the anarchists in 1895 to gain his release, Cyvoct was not amnestied until March 1898. Cyvoct was nominated during the legislative elections, "To draw attention to the cases of the anarchists remaining in prison."

Cyvoct then worked in the bookstore business, & gave talks in the anarchist circles on living conditions in the prisons.

http://ytak.club.fr/octobre4.html#22

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1905 -- [October 22] Santiago, Chile: Today, during "Semana Roja," 30,000 people join the uprising, inspired by the revolutionary ideas sweeping working class public opinion. Among them are butchers, shoe makers, tanners, cigar makers, truckmen, tapestry makers, typographers, telegraphers, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, bakers & the brave FFCCE workers who blew up the railways.

Between 1900 & 1906 a lot of anarcho-syndicalist & resistance organizations emerged, all of them clandestine, except for a few trade unions.

In 1905 it took place the Red Week of Santiago. It was a massive & combative movement where the anarchists were in first plane. A meeting wildly was repressed, took place a brave confrontation, the balance was the murder of about 200 workers. A set of unions decreed general strike in all the country. The government decree state of siege & appealed to the army. Despite the workers, with the anarchists at the top, they dealt to take the palace from government. Per moment it was under being able working the city. Here the revolutionary general strike praised by the anarchists was taken to the practice & revolutionary unionists.

The famous "Semana Roja" (Red Week) in 1905 was a crucial event in early Chilean workers' history. Workers had had enough of the inhuman conditions in which they were forced to live, the rising cost of living & the taxes on meat coming from Argentina. A worker's committee "Centreo de Estudias Sociedad Ateneo Obrero" called all workers to join the strike & to support the cause.

The 1800 strong police force were no match for the crowds. & the ruling class were forced to form a "White Guard" of 300 armed rich boys to pitch in to massacre the popular forces. Despite the 250 victims, the movement continued to grow steadily.

Anarchist influence in Valparaiso & Santiago was greater than ever, & the Anarchists, through their Resistance societies...[kept] labor unionism alive in Chile in 1905-1916.

In spite of repression, by 1909 the workers were very active, with 29 strikes involving 200,000 workers.

http://libcom.org/history/1872-1995-anarchism-in-chile
http://struggle.ws/inter/groups/cuac/anarquismo_chile.html
http://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/historia/anarquismo_chile/anarquismo_chile.html
http://www.nodo50.org/fau/revista/lucha_99/org_primeros_sind.htm

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1905 -- [October 22] Argentina: Police massacre demonstrators opposing a tax on cattle. Popular outrage sweeps the country & workers call a General Strike. The government declares a "state of siege." Despite heavy military protection of the cowards who hide in the palace, insurreccionadas attempt to take the building.

Comité Pro Abolición

http://www.antorcha.net/biblioteca_virtual/historia/anarquismo_chile/anarquismo_chile.html
http://www.nodo50.org/fau/revista/lucha_99/org_primeros_sind.htm

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1914 -- [October 23] US: Emma Goldman returns to Chicago for a series of propaganda & modern drama lectures (October 23-November 15), delivered in both English & Yiddish.

General topics include "War & the Sacred Right of Property," "The Betrayal of the International," "The False Pretenses of Culture," "The Psychology of War," "The Tsar & 'My' Jews," "The War & 'Our Lord'," "The Misconceptions of Free Love," & "Woman & War."

Her English series on the drama, titled "The Modern Drama as a Mirror of Individual, Class & Social Rebellion Against the Tyranny of the Past," is held in the elegant Fine Arts Building, with the financial backing of a wealthy supporter.

Emma Goldman's usual focus on European dramatists is expanded to include Swedish dramatist Hjalmar Bergman; French playwrights Paul Hervieu, (Félix) Henry Bataille, & Henri Becque; Italian dramatists Gabriele D'Annunzio & Giuseppe Giacosa; Spanish playwright José Echegaray; Yiddish dramatists Jacob Gordin, Sholem Asch, David Pinski, & Max Nordau; & American playwright Butler Davenport.

Emma describes the audience of her Chicago Press Club luncheon lecture on "The Relationship of Anarchism to Literature" as "500 hard-faced men."

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1920 -- [October 23] Russia: Emma Goldman postpones her return trip to Petrograd to attend John Reed's funeral in Moscow today.

Reed died on the 17th & Emma arrived in Moscow a few days later, consoling Reed's wife, Louise Bryant. After the funeral she returns to Petrograd with the museum expedition to deposit the historical material they collected.

Also during this month Nestor Makhno's anarchist army defeated Baron Peter Wrangel, the last of the White Army generals, winning Makhno temporary good favor from the Bolsheviks. Peter Kropotkin & Gorki protest a Soviet plan to halt all private publishing establishments, & Maria Spiridonova is arrested.

Recent reports in the US & Europe attribute to Emma Goldman a negative view of the Bolsheviks; though she privately acknowledges Bolshevik wrongdoings, at this point she denies all published accounts & refuses to grant any interviews.

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1956 -- [October 23] Hungarian Revolution

At noon on October 23, a mass meeting was held in the university park, attended by student delegates from other faculties & several workers' delegations from nearby factories.

At 3 p.m., ignoring the Minister of the Interior's refusal for permission to demonstrate, the students began to march along the banks of the Danube, their ranks constantly swelled by ordinary citizens. It is estimated that 10,000 people came out into the streets to demonstrate.

Outside the Parliament buildings in Kossuth Square the crowd shouted for Nagy, who, when he did appear at last, could do no more than appeal for calm. At the foot of the statue of Josef Bem, the Polish general who fought for the Hungarians in the Revolution of 1848–9, students demonstrated their solidarity with the Polish people's struggle for independence from Russia, recalling the words of Petöfi:

Our battalions have combined two nations,
And what nations! Polish & Magyar!
Is there any destiny that is stronger
Than those two when they are united?

From the monument to Petöfi where the medical students were demonstrating, a student recited the poem Petöfi himself had written to incite his countrymen to rise:

By the God of our Hungary we swear
We shall be slaves nevermore.

The two best works on Hungary 1956, which recognize the anti-capitalist aspects of the uprisings, are Peter Fryer's The Hungarian Tragedy (by a British Communist Party writer whose eye-witness accounts were deep-sixed) & Andy Anderson, Hungary '56. (London Solidarity Group). See also The Hungarian Workers' Revolution by the Syndicalist Workers' Federation.

http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/history/hungary.html

See article "Council Communism" by Richard Gombin,
http://www.geocities.com/~johngray/sitelist.htm
http://www.cserkeszek.org/scouts/webpages/zoltan/1956.html
http://www.solwest.org.uk/hungarev.html
http://struggle.ws/ppapers/statecap.html
http://www.rev.hu/
http://www.geocities.com/WallStreet/9973/council.html
http://flag.blackened.net/liberty/hungary-rev.html
http://notbored.org/councils.html
http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/May68docs.htm

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1947 -- [October 23] 50 of Hollywood's writers, producers, & actors fly to Washington D.C. to express their displeasure with House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigation in Hollywood.

Headed by Humphrey Bogart, & calling themselves "The Committee for the First Amendment", 50 representatives included such people as: Lauren Bacall, Groucho Marx, Frank Sinatra, John Huston, Ronald Reagan, & Danny Kaye.

The Committee for the 1st amendment not only tried to protect the rights of the "Hollywood Ten", but also protest violation of Constitutional rights. The group held press conferences in Kansas City, St. Louis, Chicago & in Washington D.C. outside the doors of HUAC. However, the committee achieved little, but brought trouble for some of it's members.

Bogart, at the peak of his popularity before the trip, found his heroic image damaged by his high profile defense of the "impertinent subversives" — the "Hollywood Ten". To revive his image he published a stateme