Militant & member of fédération révolutionnaire de l'Est until the congress of 1881 (marking the final split between the statist Socialists, Marxists, & antistatist anarchists), & active in the emerging anarchist movement.

Arrested on November 19, 1882 & implicated in the famous "Lawsuit of the 66". On January 19, 1883, in Lyon, Hugonnard was sent to prison for 6 months. He was also a member of the "groupe de la Guillottière" in Lyon.

Source:
http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#7

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Perrier's parents returned to France from Argentina in 1900. Albert, an illiterate, taught himself to read by reading revolutionary journals. He joined the Socialist Party, then the Communist Party in 1921, from which he was booted in 1922. He joined "l'Union Anarchiste", & became secretary of the fédération du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, & here he fought the influence of the Communist Party in his union.

... show details

In 1923-24, Albert Perrier published the newspaper "Le Combat," & in the 1930s joined the working cooperative "La Ruche". In February 1934 he was jailed for organizing an antifascist demonstration in the streets of Périgueux.

In August 1936, he went to Spain with a first French convoy of food & weapons for the C.N.T.- F.A.I., & for the next two 2 years helped supply the Spanish anarchists in spite of a French blockade. During the last months of the revolution Perrier facilitated the passage of those escaping from Spain.

Perrier was involved in the anti-Nazi Resistance movement in France, & was arrested & sent to a prison camp for 18 months (from which he escaped).

Following the war he took up again his trade-union & libertarian activities, agitating for the construction of affordable housing.
Source: Ephéméride anarchiste

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The Puigcerdá French Section - just over the border from Bourg-Madame, & one of the main border crossing points - was created in November 1936 with the agreement of the FAI in order to strengthen the liaison between Barcelona & French libertarian organizations.

The group’s delegate was Albert Perrier (Périer), a 39 year-old labourer, secretary of the building workers’ union (CGT) in Périgueux & a member of the UA, who came to Puigcerdá in August 1936 & did not leave until 1939. He was assisted by three members of the Tricheux family from Toulouse: Alphonse, a 56 year-old metal worker & a member of the CGTSR; his wife, Pauline, about whom — typically — we know little else; & their daughter, Noëla. Pauline was in fact more active in two other groups: a Spanish women’s group, the Groupe d’action culturelle et d’éducation des femmes libertaires à Puigcerdá, in which she was responsible for propaganda; and, later, the Comité Pro-Refugiados de Puigcerdá, in which she also played a leading rôle.

After February 1937, the three groups worked together to care for refugee women & children from Malaga, but all anarchist or syndicalist organizations in & around Puigcerdá were suppressed by the government offensive against anarchist control of the border around April 1937. All three of the Tricheux would be arrested in June or July 1937, & held for some weeks before being allowed to return to France.

Eight members of the Section, including Chauvet & perhaps Fortin, were militiamen, all with CNT-FAI militias on the Aragon front.22 Even the Trotskyist Chéron — whose presence in the group is surprising, given the lack of contact between the two movements in France — left a POUM militia to join the ranks of the CNT-FAI. It does not seem to be a case of militiamen on leave in Barcelona visiting the Section for a week or two; rather these were volunteers who had served several months at the front & had now left the militias for good. Chéron, for instance, had left the front to work in the armaments industry in Barcelona.

Links to the CNT-FAI are, not surprisingly, strong. Danon, Defèche, Fortin & Lobel were members of the CNT; Danon & Fortin were also members of the FAI (in what was apparently called the ‘Mimosa group’). At least four members of the Section seem to have been employed by the Seccion Francesa de Propaganda CNT-FAI: Bernard, Fortin, Marchal & Styr-Nhair.

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Sources:

http://ytak.club.fr/aout1.html#7

See "French Anarchist Volunteers in Spain, 1936-39" by David Berry, linked at the Anarchy Now! page on the Spanish Revolution,
http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/history/spain/

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"Regeneration", published by the Flores Magón brothers (Jesus & Ricardo, along with Licenciado Antonio Horcasitas), first appears on August 7, 1900.

Suppressed by authorities, "Regeneration" temporarily suspended publication, eventually resurfacing in the US after Ricardo & Enrique went into exile there (January 3, 1904).

"Regeneration" resumed publication in San Antonio, Texas, on November 5, 1904. It was smuggled into Mexico clandestinely & continued to remain an annoying thorn in Mexican dictator Diaz's side. "Regeneration" was influential enough that Diaz worked repeatedly to have it shut down, where "freedom of speech" in the United States proved deceptively false.

"Regeneration"'s circulation grew to 30,000 in this year. In fact, even moderates like the Governor of Yucatan & Madero were receiving "Regeneración" & later, when Ricardo's anarchism was more apparent, prominent anarchists, such as Voltairine de Cleyre became involved in the Mexican paper. (Familiar with the works of Kropotkin, Bakunin, Grave, & Malatesta as early as 1900, Ricardo didn't openly advocate anarchism until 1907.)

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The town in rivers of pulque sails, while the bells repican & rockets resound & centellean the knives between the flare lights.

Crowds swarm the tree-lined avenue & other prohibited streets, sagrada zone of the ladies of corsé & the gentlemen of jaqué, with the Virgin in you walk. From their high boat of lights, the wings of the Virgin protect & guide.

Today is the day of Our Lady of Los Angeles, for Mexicans signalling a week of verbenas, &, on the brink of madness, the violent joy of the town, like wanting to deserve it, is born a new newspaper. It is called Regeneration. It inherits the fervors & the debts of the Democrat, closed by the dictatorship.

Jesus, Ricardo & Enrique Flores Magón write it, they publish it & they sell it.

As a result the brothers Flores Magón are the often caged jailbirds. Ever since their father died, they come alternating the jail with their studies, the trabajitos of occasion, the peleador media & the pedradas street manifestations against shots.

eduardo.galeano/memoria.del.fuego/19000807.htm
http://www.patriagrande.net/mexico/ricardo.flores.magon/

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<

**Shortly after the founding of "Regeneración" (August 7, 1900), by Jesus & Ricardo Flores Magón, along with Licenciado Antonio Horcasitas], on August 30, 1900, Camilo Arriaga published the "Invitacion al Partido Liberal manifesto" in San Luis Potosi. This document started a movement that eventually formed the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) five years later — Ricardo's main vehicle for organizing the anti-Diaz struggle & then for spreading the ideals of anarchism throughout Mexico. Ricardo formally joined the emerging Liberal movement at the Congreso Liberal on February 5, 1901.

Background, see Jason Wehling's, "Anarchist Influences on the Mexican Revolution",
http://struggle.ws/mexico/history/anarchism_1910.html Mexico: The periodical Regeneration appears, edited by the anarchist Jesus Flores Magón & Eugene L. Arnoux.

That year was decisive for the later development of which we can call the liberal resistance against the regime of Porfirio Diaz, since the forces opposed to the dictator begin to organize themselves. This can be verified to the light of two fundamental facts: & the Lic. Eugene L. Arnoux & the publication, in the city of San Luis Potosí, of the Manifest Invitation to the Liberal Party whose complete text written up by Ing. Camilo Arriaga, we published next.

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1921 -- [August 7] West Virginia coal fields

During this year West Virginia miners have been fighting with mine guards, police, hired thugs, & federal troops in a dispute over organizing unions to improve their living conditions, a battle they have been fighting for over the past decade in places like Matewan, Mingo County, Logan County, Blair Mountain & elsewhere, despite the collusion of business & government, their hired goon squads & army troops. Martial law is delcared three separate times, & many labor radicals & militants provided what support they could, including Mother Jones, who visited the area often in support of the striking miners.

Their appeal today is ignored, & martial law is not repealed for over another year, on September 22, 1922.

I loaded sixteen tons, I tried to get ahead,
Got deeper & deeper in debt instead.
Well they got what I made, & they wanted some more,
& now I owe my soul at the company store.

CHORUS: I loaded sixteen tons & what do I get
Another day older & deeper in debt.
Saint Peter don't call me cause I can't go
I owe my soul to the company store.

— George Davis, excerpt, Sixteen Tons (1930s),
a song popularized by Merle Travis (ripping it off by claiming to have written in 1946) & Tennessee Ernie Ford

See George Korson, Coal Dust on the Fiddle (Hatboro: 1965)
http://members.aol.com/jeff560/wv-hist.html

Music, see http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/parton/2/sixteen2.html

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1963 -- [August 7] Ramón Vila Capdevila (1908-1963) (aka "Caraquemada" [Burnt-face], "Jabalí" (Wild Boar), "Capitán Raymond".) alt; "Caracremada"; Ramon Rivas

Ramón Vila Capdevila, a militant Spanish guerrilla fighter, an anarcho-syndicalist who fought with the "Iron Column"& the "Column Tierra y Libertad" during the Spanish Revolution.

Active in the French Resistance during WWII & a member of the "Batallón Libertad" (mainly Spanish anarchist guerrillas).

Following the war Vila slipped into Spain & began his famed guerrilla actions against the fascist Franco regime.

Today, age 55, Ramon Vila Capdevila is shot down & purposely left to die following a shootout with the "Guardia Civil" near Balsareny.

"Ramon, who was also from Berguedà, always has scratches on his face. Sometimes they called him caracremada, or "burnt-face." He was a real peasant, a warrior peasant & woodsman. He was robust, but reserved, perhaps a bit distrustful, & above all quiet. & a bit naive too: a mountain man with a dash of simple-mindedness."

The Permanent Revolution: The Memoirs of Joan Ferrer
http://www.sola-sole.com/revperm.htm

[Details / context]

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1973 -- [August 7] Emile Bauchet (1899-1973), French militant anarchist & pacifist.

Bauchet deserted from the Army in 1919, eluding military "justice" for 10 years.

In 1927, he began collaborating with Alphonse Barbé on "Le Semeur" & declares himself a conscientious objector. Arrested for his desertion in 1929, & sent to prison, despite the support of Louis Lecoin, Han Ryner & George Pioch during his trial.

Released in April 1930, Bauchet worked with Alphonse's brother, the anarchist Paul Barbé. Active with the "Ligue Internationale des Combattants de la Paix", & he was also secretary of the national office for the fédération du Calvados.

Bauchet was extremely active in the post-war period, working with various organizations & pacifist groups.

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

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1886 -- [August 8] Emile Aubin (aka Marat) French sailor, electrician, anarchist, songster & antimilitarist.

In July 1908, as a sailor aboard the battleship "Vérité", Aubin's belongings were searched, exposing him as the author of revolutionary songs under pseudonym of Marat. He was sent to disciplinary battalion until 1910.

He then joined "Groupe des libérés des bagnes militaires" which published the poster "Galonnés assassins" (Braided assassins). Aubin delivered a speech October 1, 1910, in Lagny, & was sent to prison for 18 months, for "antimilitarism & insults to the Chief of State" (eventually reduced to 6 months).

In 1912, Aubin began publishing "le Cri du soldat" (Cry of the soldier), proclaiming in the first issue,

"Our goal is to sow hatred for the army among the popular masses ..."

In August 1913, he participated the Paris anarchist congress & helped in the drafting of the "Libertarian," but in 1915 he answered his mobilization orders.

In the 1930s he worked in the town hall of Drancy, where he used his solidarity towards the anarchists.

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

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1910 -- [August 8] Janko Polic Kamov, Croatian futurist author

Kamov died not a full year after the publication of the Futurist manifesto in Le Figaro. He was not yet 24. In just three years, he managed to create prose, poetry, drama & essays of great value.

Although not large in volume, his work changed the course of modern Croatian literature, bringing into it new, challenging, anti-conventional, even crude motifs, as yet unknown in Croatian literature, in which he anticipated ideas that the new-born European avant-garde was yet to shape into art movements.

In barely 40 days which he spent in Barcelona before his death, he met a number of intellectuals at the Lion d'Or café in the Teatro Principal, such as the poet Joan Maragall (1860-1911), the painters Nicolau Raurich (1877-1945), Joan Miró (1893-1983) & others. He died after a madly hectic life.

Janko Polic Kamov was one of the most controversial writers of his time & one of the most mysterious of Croatian literature.

http://cornermag.org/corner01/page14.htm

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1918 -- [August 8] Michel Zevaco (1860-1918), French novelist, professor, publisher, film director, anticleric, anarchist.

Michel Zevaco founded the anarchist weekly magazine "Gueux" on March 27, 1892. A month later he was jailed for 6 months & fined for praising Pini & Ravachol.

Afterwards Zevaco wrote for Sébastien Faure journal, "Libertaire," as well as for the anarchist newspaper "La Renaissance."

In 1898, he edited "l'Anticlérical" (organ of the Anticlerical League of France), & was involved in supporting Dreyfus

Zevaco's famous cloak & dagger novels Les Pardaillanof, began to be serialized in the daily newspapers in 1900 to great popular success.

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"Michel Zevaco & the Serial Novel"

The writer of the famous cloak & dagger series of Les Pardaillan, Michel Zevaco (1860-1918) is to-day quite unknown in spite of the new interest aroused by popular litterature.

A former school teacher, then an officer, he became a militant journalist, who wrote for various revolutionary newspapers, of anarchist tendancy. He became famous mainly for the part he played in the anticlerical struggles at the end of the last century. Then, as a writer of serial novels, he published works which had a great success in Jaurès' daily "La Peite République," & he became appointed serial writer for Le Matin from 1906 to his death.

His already well-established poularity was made even greater by his promising beginnings as a film-director of movies in 1917. His novels — first published by Fayard & Tallandier — were republished several times & adapted for the screen. But the latest paperback edition only gives a mutilated version impaired by many cuts.

He is the author of Les Pardaillan, Le Capitan, Borgia, Buridan, L'Héroïne, l'hôtel Saint Pol & Nostradamus, his most famous historical novels. But he also published novels related to his times. Some of his serials have never been published by any publishing house.

— Aline DEMARS DIOT

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

See also:
http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=788

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http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8552

1879 -- [August 10] Paul-Eugène Trouiller (or Troullier), anarchist militant & antimilitarist.

Gardener, day laborer, travelling singer, member of the "Fédération communiste révolutionnaire".

Arrested in Hyère in 1904 & sent to prison on February 19 (1904 or 1905?) in Toulon for 15 months for making threatening gestures at soldiers.

The police deemed him a very dangerous anarchist antimilitarist: in October 1910 during the strike of the railwaymen he recommended violent action, & was suspected of taking part in attacks made at the time. Trouiller, with his extreme views, stood out even at anarchist meetings during 1911. His criminal record by then numbered eight cases, the last being on October 21, 1910, when he was sent to jail for carrying an illegal weapon.

http://ytak.club.fr/aout2.html#10

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1937 -- [August 10] The Revolution in Spain reduced to a "civil war".

Finally, when the advance guard of the Revolution in Barcelona had been crushed in May 1937, the coalition government went so far as to liquidate agricultural self-management by military means. On the pretext that it had remained "outside the current of centralization," the Aragon "regional defense council" was dissolved by a decree of August 10, 1937. [Ephéméride anarchiste indicates this occurred on the 11th.]

Its founder, Joaquim Ascaso, was charged with "selling ; .. 1,7~~ which was actually an attempt to get funds for the collectives. Soon after this, the 11th Mobile Division of Commander Lister (a Stalinist), supported by tanks, went into action against the collectives. Aragon was invaded like an enemy country, those in charge of socialized enterprises were arrested, their premises occupied, then closed; management committees were dissolved, communal shops emptied, furniture broken up, and flocks disbanded. The Communist press denounced "the crimes of forced collectivization." Thirty percent of the Aragon collectives were completely destroyed.

Even by this brutality, however, Stalinism was not generally successful in forcing the peasants of Aragon to become private owners. Peasants had been forced at pistol point to sign deeds of ownership, but as soon as the Lister Division had gone, these were destroyed & the collectives rebuilt.

As G. Munis, the Spanish Trotskyist, wrote:

"This was one of the most inspiring episodes of the Spanish Revolution. The peasants reaffirmed their socialist beliefs in spite of governmental terror & the economic boycott to which they were subjected."

http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/1931/guerin/AnSpain.html
http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/spain/sp001780/chap1.html
http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/history/spain/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Revolution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain

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1882 -- [August 11] Voline, Russian revolutionary & anarchist historian, lives.

In 1907 Tsarist tribunal banished him...& he escaped to France & the US. In NY, he joined the "Union of Russian Workers in the United States & Canada," a formidable organization with about 10,000 members. He was on the editorial staff of "Golos Truda" (The Voice of Labor), a weekly paper of the Federation, & was one of its most gifted lecturers.

Voline returned to Russia when revolution broke out, doing similar educational writing & distribution, & joined the revolutionary army of Nestor Makhno.

Arrested January 14, 1919, Trotsky had ordered his execution. Voline escaped death only by sheer accident: the Red Trade Union International was meeting in 1921 just as the anarchists in the Taganka prison went on hunger strike, causing a scandal at the Congress, & forcing the Bolsheviks to release them all (on condition they leave Russia — the first political prisoners deported from the vaunted Red Fatherland of the Proletariat).

alt; Nestor Machno; Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eichenbaum

http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bright/voline/index.html

http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/russia/sp001861/bolintro.html

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1921 -- [August 11] Léon Prouvost, "the libertarian Philanthropist"

Anarchist militant, antimilitarist & anticlerical. Businessman who made his fortune & settled in St-Raphaël in 1904 & discovered anarchist ideas.

Published journals (La Revue sociale, L'Idée Libre) & sponsored a mobile library. He also collaborated with Jules Vignes' "La Feuille", in the "Réveil de l'esclave" & with Pierre Chardon's "La Mêlée".

Harrassed on several occasions for antimilitarist propaganda & inciting desertion or disobedience amongst soldiers (in 1915 he was sent to prison for a year), Prouvost was raided on July 27, 1921. A few days later, he put an end to his life after having bequeathed part of his fortune to André Lorulot.

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

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1964 -- [August 11] Stuart Christie & Fernanado Carballo Blanco arrested in Madrid. Christie is suspected of supplying explosives to blow up Franco. On September 2, 1964, Carballo is sent to prison for 30 years & Christie for 20 years.

1967 -- Protests in response to Christie's imprisonment leads to the machine-gunning of US Embassy by the First of May Group, protesting US collaboration with Franco. In the following month Christie (but not Carballo) is unexpectedly released, it being stated Franco was responding to a plea by his mother, surprising hundreds of Spanish mothers who had been severely punished for making just such pleas for their own sons & daughters.

Agustin Garcia Calvo forms Acratas at a Madrid University, influenced by new protest movement amongst students abroad, but anarchist rather than Marxist.

Albert Meltzer & Christie soon re-start the Anarchist Black Cross. http://www.spunk.org/library/writers/meltzer/sp001591/app1.html
http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/meltzer/meltzer.html

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1894 -- [August 12] The "Procès des trente" (Trial of the Thirty), comes to a close.

This was simply a political show trial, intended to justify repressive measurements ("lois scélérates") against anarchists & to reassure the public opinion after recent attacks.

The prosecuting attorney Bulot failed to prove a criminal conspiracy between the various anarchists charged, as alleged, but this did not prevent the court from exacting heavy sentences on them, some with sentences of 20 years. A few fled the country, others went to prison, but all (except Paul Reclus) were exonerated after an amnesty.

Among those charged were militants, theorists, writers & publishers, artists, etc, including Charles Chatel, Sébastien Faure, Félix Fénéon, Jean Grave, Louis Armand Matha, Maximilien Luce, Emile Pouget, Paul Reclus, Alexander Cohen, Gabriel-Constant, Louis Duprat, etc.

alt; "Proces des trente" "Lawsuit of the Thirty", Trial of the 30, "lois scelerates"

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1871 -- [August 13] Austria: Hippolyte Havel (1871-1950) lives (appears to be some question of exact date), Thabor. A scholarly & notorious anarchist — the original "anarchist dandy" — companion to Emma Goldman, a founder & participant in the first American "Modern School" (based on ideas of the Spanish educator Francisco Ferrer), & adopted the now famous photographer Berenice Abbott.

Havel wrote for Goldman's Mother Earth, & wrote biographies of fellow anarchists such as the walking she-devil, Emma Goldman (he was one of her lovers), Harry Kelly & Voltairine de Cleyre, along with various reviews & booklets.

Havel also edited "Revolt", the "Revolutionary Almanac", & also "Open Vistas", with Joseph Ishill.

Just before WWI he opened, with his anarchist companion Polly, a restaurant in NY City's Bohemian Greenwich Village which was a great meeting place for artists & intellectuals.

Proletarian Days
http://ytak.club.fr/aout2.html#13

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1917 -- [August 13]

Spain: General Strike throughout the country.

In Madrid the strike committee is composed of members of the Socialist Party & the UGT: Francisco Largo Caballero, Daniel Anguiano, Julián Besteiros, Angel Saborit. They are eventually taken prisoner. In Barcelona the committee is formed by cenetistas (anarchosyndicalist CNT members): Seguí, Pestaña, Minguet, Aragó, Viadiu, Miranda, Barrera, Valero & Herreros. Source: Barcelona 1917- 1923; Crònica, by Manel Aisa Use your back button to return to your last page

He joined the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy" (Bakuninist) & on August 1, 1869, began the newspaper "Federacion." In September, he was a Spanish congressional delegate at the A.I.T. in Basle. He was also delegated by the "Federation of the Area Espagnole"(F.R.E.) to the Congress of the International at the Hague (Netherlands) of September 2, 1872, & rejected the charges formulated by the general council of London (Marxist) against Bakunin & Guillaume &, a little later attends St-Imier (Swiss), for the founding congress of the Anti-authoritarian International.

In 1881 he participated in founding the new anarcho-collectivist "F.T.R.E." (Federation of the Workers of the Spanish Area) which opposes the insurrectionists like Anselmo Lorenzo. From 1886 to 1888, he publishes the review "Acracia" (he invents the word) & helps found the newspaper "El Productor."

Rafael Farga Pellicer wrote several works, including Garibaldi, Historia Liberal del Siglo XIX, Biografía de M. Bakounine: sus ideales y tácticas. http://agora.ya.com/barricada36/1936/anarquismo.html

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Daughter of a self-educated socialist shoe-maker, Comaposada became invovled in a cinema production company & joined the C.N.T. Sensitized by the condition of women, she became a teacher, providing private courses to victims of the misery of machismo.

From her meeting with the poet & painter Lucia Sanchez Saornil came the idea to create a specific women's group within the libertarian movement, & thus, Mujeres Libres (MM.LL) was founded (with the aid, also, of Amparo Poch y Gascon) in April 1936, which also began publishing a review of the same name. This publication was illustrated by Composada's companion, sculptor Baltasar Lobo.

With the outbreak of revolution, in July 1936, she joined another group of women in Barcelona, working to create a national federation.

Of fragile health, during the conflict she ardently continued her educational activities, participation in Mujeres Libres, & in writing for the libertarian press.

Mercedes Comaposada took refuge in Paris with Lobo following defeat of the revolution, where they gained the protection of Pablo Picasso from French authorities hostile to all Spanish refugees. She became his secretary, then took up translations work & was devoted to the artistic work of of Lobo.

http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier2.html#11

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Tuesday, August 14, 2001 (SF Gate)
Blacklisted/G8 protesters & performers remain detained in Italy
by Neva Chonin, special to SF Gate

"A state must never lose the monopoly on the use of force."
-- Italian Interior Minister Claudio Scajola

Does anyone reading this own a black bra? If so, don't wear it on a trip to northern Italy, where possession of women's black undergarments is punishable by beating & imprisonment. & if you are beaten & jailed by Italian polizia for said offense, don't expect the US government to help you.

... show details

Susanna Thomas, 21, a Bryn Mawr student & practicing Quaker from Warren, NJ, discovered this the hard way when she & 24 other members of the Austrian street-theater company PublixTheatreCaravan were arrested while leaving last month's tumultuous Group of Eight (G8) summit in Genoa.

Military police stopped the group as it was leaving the city en route to Frankfurt, Germany, found a black bra & several black T-shirts in a troupe member's suitcase & promptly arrested 25 people. The Austrian weekly Profil reports that those arrested -- an international cast of Austrians, Germans, Swedes, Slovakians, Americans & Australians -- were held at gunpoint, strip-searched & beaten.

Theater Group Targeted

All this over a bra & a few T-shirts? "It's the strangest alleged piece of evidence I've heard of," Richard Atkins, an attorney for the Thomas family, told the Associated Press. He suggested that the theater group & other antiglobalization activists were targeted after Italian police grew frustrated at being unable to locate protesters linked to the Black Bloc, a so-called anarchist organization that has been fingered for inciting destruction of public property & general mayhem at antiglobalization demonstrations for years.

Despite the lack of any evidence linking them to the Black Bloc, a few ebony undergarments aside (thank God the Italian military police can't see into my closet), the theater activists stand accused of vandalism & endangerment of public safety. Perhaps the carabinieri mistook the troupe's juggling & fire-eating equipment for weapons. Whatever the case, they now claim that four of those arrested are on a government "black list" -- though what that means, exactly, is anyone's guess, & Italian authorities are not elaborating.

No Shelter From the Maelstrom

If the PublixTheatre case is outrageous, it's not isolated. Italian police are at the center of an international maelstrom over their conduct during the two-day G8 summit, during which one Italian protester, Carlo Giuliani, was shot dead, at least 200 people were injured & more than 300 were arrested.

The second most notorious incident of the G8 fiasco occurred during the wee hours of July 22, when Genoan antiriot squads descended on the Armando Diaz school complex, which was being used as a shelter by nonviolent protestors of the Genoa Social Forum. Once in, police proceeded to brutalize sleeping students & activists with a thoroughness that would have done Mussolini proud.

According to an August 8 article in the New York Times, witnesses described young people being dragged from their beds & then kicked, pummeled with clubs & thrown down stairs. Italian emergency-room doctors said some of the 60 injured activists would have died without treatment, & at least 24 were hospitalized. Television crews arriving at the school after the raid found, & filmed, knocked-out teeth & pools of blood. Amnesty International reports that as many as 20 people were seen carried out of the building on stretchers, two of them apparently comatose.

A German activist issued a statement through his attorney in which he recalled receiving blows to "the head, the back & the legs & a hard hit on the head" as he lay in a pool of his own blood. After his arrest, he was not allowed to sleep or make phone calls & was forced to stand with his hands against a wall for hours. As for bathroom privileges -- forget it.

Another of the detainees is Morgan Hager, 20, an honors student at the University of Oregon who stopped off in Genoa en route to a junior year abroad in Siena. Morgan kept her teeth but suffered multiple cuts & bruises & three broken bones in her hand. She's still in custody.

At last report, between 39 & 51 demonstrators remained imprisoned in Italy, including the 25 members of the PublixTheatreCaravan, whose involvement in the G8 protests was limited to music, theater & video performances portraying the effects of globalization. Scary stuff. If an Italian investigation court convened yesterday decides not to clear them, most members -- such as Susanna Thomas, who was touring European refugee camps with the theater group as part of a senior thesis titled "The Spiritual Roots & Techniques of Social Activism" -- face as many as 15 years in prison. (Editor's update: Thomas was ordered freed by an Italian court today, August 14.)

Outcry From European Conservatives

Even Europe's more conservative governments are ruffled by the PublixTheatre & Armando Diaz school arrests. President Thomas Klestil of Austria has formally petitioned Italy to release the 16 Austrian PublixTheatre members still in custody. "The New York Times" quoted protests by several top European diplomats: Ramon de Miguel, Spain's European-affairs secretary, called police conduct during the G8 summit a "replay of fascism"; Hermann Lutz, chair of the European Police Union, described the scenes of police brutality as something out of "some kind of dictatorship"; & German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer urged the Italian government to investigate police actions.

The international pressure has had some effect. Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi faces a parliamentary inquiry, & more than a half-dozen investigations into allegations of police brutality are pending in Italian courts. The Genoa Prosecutor's Office has launched a criminal investigation into the conduct of law-enforcement & prison officers during the protests. Meanwhile, thousands of demonstrators have filled the streets of London, Paris, Amsterdam, Berlin, Geneva, Rome, Belgrade & Athens.

In the United States, on the other hand, the silence from both government & populace has been deafening.

"The US is conspicuous by its absence in the list of nations that have protested to the Italian government over ... the behavior of the Italian police in their handling of the protests in Genoa," Susanna Thomas' father, Rick Thomas, writes on the family's Web site. Backed by their fellow Quakers, Thomas' parents have contacted Italian officials & two US senators in an effort to secure their daughter's release. So far they've encountered only blank, bureaucratic walls.

"We're doing all we can," a spokesperson for the US Consulate in Milan insisted in the New York Times. Which translates to: not much, you Quaker freaks. What did you expect? George W. Bush to appear on the news every night, calling the Italian government on the carpet for its heinous treatment of US & European citizens? He's too busy gutting Alaska & scolding homeless Palestinians to worry about the human rights of a few juggling, black-bra-wearing peaceniks who probably didn't vote Republican, anyway.

Pop-Quiz Question: If it were a military spy plane being held hostage in Genoa, instead of four young pacifists, would the US government then feel the need get involved? The question, of course, is rhetorical; we all know the answer. Home of the brave, indeed.

Latest News: According to the Associated Press, Susanna Thomas was ordered released from prison today. The cases of 19 other PublixTheatre members are pending; the cases of the remaining four detainees are not being considered for review at this time. Too much black underwear in their backpacks, perhaps?

Neva Chonin writes about music & culture & technology & stuff for the San Francisco Chronicle, Rolling Stone & other publications.

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Copyright 2001 SF Gate

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Anarchism Rejects Indiscriminate Violence

The following portion of text is from An Anarchist "Rabbi" - The Life & Teachings of Rudolf Rocker, by Mina Graur. It deals with the subject of "propaganda by deed," otherwise known as terrorism, though specifically within the context of advancing one's political goals.

[O]n December 9, [1893, French anarchist] Auguste Valliant hurled a bomb from the gallery into the full Chamber of Deputies. [...]

... show details

Vaillant's case was ideal for the anarchists, since in many respects it supported their previous contentions regarding the roots of violence. His was the perfect example of the despairing man taking revenge for the unbearable living conditions inflicted upon him by the social order. Bred in poverty, & frequently changing jobs, Vaillant managed to acquire some education, slowly drifting towards anarchist circles. He emigrated to Argentina seeking his fortune, but failed & returned to Paris, where he tried in vain to find work with which to support his family. Deeply distressed by their misery & hopelessness, he decided to commit a symbolic act which would become "the cry of a whole class which demands its rights & will soon add acts to words." With this aim in mind, Vaillant manufactured a bomb out of a saucepan filled with nails & explosives.

The bomb proved quite ineffective; several deputies were wounded, but none was killed. The effect of Vaillant's act however, went beyond a mere body count. His was an attack upon a symbol of authority, the core of the bourgeois governing system, & as such, the act itself became a symbol of defiance. As a consequence, Vaillant's act could not be ignored by the state. Nor could it be hoped that it would soon be forgotten. So, despite the fact that no one was killed, Vaillant was sentenced to death, the first time since the beginning of the nineteenth century that such a penalty was imposed on a person who did not actually kill anyone. Petitions for clemency were ignored, & at the highest instance, President Sadi Carnot refused to commute the sentence. Vaillant was beheaded on February 5, 1894, uttering what subsequently became the standard cry of anarchists on the gallows: "Long live Anarchy! My death shall be avenged!" Interestingly, Rudolf Rocker attended Vaillant's execution. Many years later, he confessed that it was still not very clear to him why he went. He blamed his young age, & rationalized in retrospect that this act might have been motivated by the fact that, "we, the young, were engulfed with a martyr's cult."

Vaillant's death was indeed very quickly avenged. A week after his execution, a bomb was hurled into Café Terminus at La Gare St. Lazare, killing one & wounding twenty. The perpetrator, Émile Henry, subsequently confessed responsiblity also for the November 8, 1892 bomb which ultimately exploded inside a police station. He declared that the act at the Café was meant to revenge Vaillant's death, adding matter-of-factly that his purpose had been to kill as many bourgeois as possible. A son of a famous Communard, Émile Henry was the most educated & well-off among the French terrorists of the era. Yet, his cold-blooded logic & soulless reasoning did not endear him to his fellow anarchists, who almost unanimously denounced his acts. The anarchists, who had mixed feelings about Ravachol & Vaillant, were horrified by Henry's explanations as to why one should not discriminate between the innocents & the guilty & why anarchists should fight the ruling class as an indivisible entity. His was the worst kind of "Propaganda by Deed." It was no longer an attack directed at the symbols of authority & repression, nor was it an outcry of distress. His acts were deliberate & indiscriminate attacks on innocent people whose only guilt was belonging, or being thought to belong, to a certain class. Henry's acts were perfect examples of what later became known as "unmotivated terror."

Octave Mirbeau expressed the opinion of every anarchist when he wrote that a "mortal enemy of anarchy could have acted no better than this Émile Henry when he threw his inexplicable bomb into the midst of peaceful & anonymous people." Rudolf Rocker himself admitted that neither he nor anyone else he was acquainted with could support or even understand Henry's acts. But Rocker's objections to indiscriminate violence went beyond his disapproval of Henry's personality or the damage it inflicted on the anarchist movement. Rocker objected to all acts of "unmotivated terror" on fundamental grounds. Every act of "unmotivated terror," even that resulting from a just wrath, had to be rejected, he maintained, since it punishes the guilty together with the innocent. Moreover, justifying such an act would require one to presuppose the existence of collective guilt or collective responsiblity, a concept that Rocker deeply disliked & thought utterly wrong. It was not sufficient, he claimed, to belong to a certain class to lose one's right to live.

Sources on Canadian Jazz

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• Mark Miller's Jazz In Canada: 14 Lives, Nightwood Editions, 1988 (revised paperback edition). Chapters are on: Trump & Teddy Davidson, Paul & P.J. Perry, Chris Gage, Herbie Spanier, Wray Downes, Larry Dubin, Nelson Symonds, Guy Nadon & Claude Ranger, Sonny Greenwich, Brian Barley & Ron Park.

• Mark Miller's Boogie, Pete, & the Senator — Canadian Musicians in Jazz: the Eighties, Nightwood Editions, 1987. Shorter takes on some 40 musicians including: Jean Derome, Paul Bley, Kid Bastien, Jim Galloway, Hugh Fraser, Nelson Symonds, Sonny Greenwich, Guy Nadon & Claude Ranger.

• John Gilmore's Swinging in Paradise: The Story of Jazz In Montreal, Vehicule Press.

• Jack Litchfield's Canadian jazz discography: 1916-1980, University of Toronto Press, 1982.

• Gene Lees' Oscar Peterson: The Will To Swing, Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1988.

• Gene Lees' Jazz Lives contains some Canadians.

• The Encylopedia of Music In Canada, University of Toronto Press.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Peterson
http://www.oscarpeterson.com/

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Active during the 20s & 30s in revolutionary trade unionism, following WWII Barrue joined the "C.N.T. Française" & "Fédération Anarchiste", of which he was a seminal figure in the "Groupe Sébastien Faure" of Bordeaux. Wrote for "Monde Libertaire," the review "La Rue" & the German review "Befreiung."

In the early 1980s Barrue broke with the "Fédération Anarchiste", joining "l'Union des anarchistes" & their newspaper "Le Libertaire."

Barrue translated several works from the German, including Bakunin's "La réaction en Allemagne," Arthur Lehning's "Anarchism & Marxism in the Russian Revolution" & various texts on education by Max Stirner. His own book, L'Anarchisme aujourd'hui (Anarchism Today), has been translated into Italian & Dutch.

"Si nos idées ont une valeur pour l'avenir, elle doivent en avoir une aussi pour le présent et nous devons favoriser ou créer tout groupement d'individus décidés à produire ou à consommer en dehors du cycle capitaliste"

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

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1919 -- [August 16] Conchita Guillen Bertolin (1919-), militant anarchist & member of Mujeres Libres.

Orphaned by her father, while living in "Las Corts" district of Barcelona, in 1936 she joined "Jeunesses Libertaires" (JJ.LL; Libertarian Youths) & was active with "l'Athénée Libertaire" (Libertarian Athenaeum). She discovered the feminist movement Mujeres Libres, at a conference given by Soledad Estorach & joined the movement, working with the secrétariat à la propagande & with Lucia Sanchez Saornil". She also took nursing courses to help the combatants.

In 1939, with the rout of the Republican forces, she was forced into refuge in France. After various adventures during WWII, she continued her militancy in exile, always faithful to the movement Mujeres Libres.

Residing in the south of France, in 1999 she participated in the collected work Mujeres Libres, will luchadoras libertarias, translated into French by the Ascaso-Durruti Center of Montpellier in 2000 & published by "Los Solidarios".

"(...) des femmes qui avaient des connaissances idéologiques solides, qui s'y connaissaient en pédagogie, et autres sciences s'offrirent bénévolement pour instruire le groupe de jeunes qui n'avaient rien d'autres que leur bonne volonté."

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

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1920 -- [August 16] Alexander Berkman & Emma Goldman travel through Russia.

In Poltava they meet with the leader of the Revkom, a non-soviet ruling body. They meet the writer Vladimir Korolenko who speaks to them about his disenchantment with the Bolsheviks. Also meet with local Zionists who, although critical of anti-Semitism of the Bolsheviks, report no evidence of Bolshevik pogroms against the Jews.

In Fastov they collect historical materials on pogroms, including the Sept. 1919 pogroms led by General Denikin of the White Army. During this period the Polish army gains strength, beginning a counteroffensive against the Bolsheviks.

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1924 -- [August 16] The body of Giacomo Matteotti is found outside Rome.

A socialist & outstanding opponent of the Fascist regime during its early days. A member of parliament, his murder by Fascist hirelings precipitated a parliamentary crisis that Mussolini overcame by disavowing the murder & tightening police control. With the crushing of the opposition aroused by Matteotti’s assassination, Mussolini’s dictatorship may be said to have begun. The murderers & their accomplices received only nominal sentences.

http://www.polyarchy.org/basta/crimini/sette.html

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1997 -- [August 16] Robert Lynn (1924-1997), Scottish anarchist, militant trade unionist & Stirnerite.

Blackballed by his union & the Stalinist communists for his militancy, Lynn joined the merchant marines & travelled.

Returning to Glasgow in 1950, he became, with Frank Leach, Jimmy Raside & Eddie Shaw, an active member of the Glasgow Anarchist Group (adherents of Max Stirner). Libertarian athenaeums were organized in Renfrew Street, & over the years Lynn initiated a number of events, especially the Glasgow Anarchist Summer School which now attracts libertarian socialists from all over Britain.

Lynn died just before the 1997 school was to begin & his last immortal words were:

"Oh fuck, now I'll miss the summer school."

http://struggle.ws/ws/ws50_r_lynn.html

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1868 -- [August 17] Józef Edward Abramowski, Polish philosopher, psychologist, sociologist, anarchist.

Influenced by Leo Tolstoy, Abramowski called himself a "state-rejecting socialist". In his most important work developed his concept of a "stateless Socialism".

His thought tended increasingly towards an anarcho-syndicalist position in politics, emphasising the importance of co-operative organization of the masses. Abramowski is considered the founder of the Polish co-operative movement, promoting economic associations & initiatives.

Alongside this politico-social theorising, he also conducted an intense research activity in the field of experimental psychology, showing particular interest in the subconscious. This gave him a certain notoriety abroad & in 1916 he was given a chair in Experimental Psychology at the University of Warsaw, which he occupied until his death.

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The best known theoreticians of Polish anarchism were Edward Abramowski, Waclaw Machajski & the anarcho-sydicalists Dr Jozef Zielinski & Augustyn Wroblewski.

Edward Abramowski claimed to be a non-state socialist. However it should be noted that the word "socialism" at that time did not have such a limited meaning as it has nowadays & a majority of groups of liberation, leftist groups & struggles for independence identified with it.

Abramowski presented his views in works such as "Ethics & Revolution", "Republic of Friends " & "A Public Collusion Against Government". As an alternative to the state system were , in his opinion, gratuitous ????? trades set up by rules of common affairs & mutual services associated in bigger co-operatives. Only they are a support of a real freedom, give welfare, order, justice and brother hood to the individual. Furthermore they are organised from the grassroots, spontaenaeously without compulsion.Existing associates should form on a specified territory a free commune without authority & police.

However the lack of a supposedly indispensable repression machinery does not mean the eruption of chaos into human life art all. The reverse happens- it releases energy & fervour that were being reduced in a system so far & that make people wanting to create the surrounding reality & to find themselves in it. An example of a big growth of social consciousness in the big solidarity days & then the repression of 13/12 ?????? is the best evidence of an enormous potential in people who have realised that they can change something in their life & surroundings at last.

But let's return to Abramowski's theories. An unquestionable authority of those days, Tolstoy, had a considerable influence on his views. Follwoing him he advocatied non-paymnet of taxes & refusing to join the army. At the same time as being against the church as an institution he referred to Jesus' sermons which in his opinion denied statehood & authority.

In his book "A public collusion against government" he gave some instructions about how people should struggle with the Tsar for thier own national maintenance. It certainly did not mean promoting another dictatorship which statehood is. Abramowski was also ( as every anarchist) opposed to national socialism. He prophetically warned,

"The politics of modern socialism is not a politics of strengthening & extending national authority that tends not towards setting people free but towards towards authorising everything which can be authorised only in their life."

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Abramowski's writings include: Ethics & the Revolution, The Republic of Friends, & The General Conspiracy against the State.

See "A Short History of Polish Anarchism,"
http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/world/eu/poland/ http://www.fmag.unict.it/~polphil/PolPhil/Abramo/Abramo.html

http://recollectionbooks.com/anow/world/eu/poland/
http://flag.blackened.net/blackflag/212/212pol.htm
In Polish,
http://alteree.hardcore.lt/anarchoflash/1918.htm
http://republika.pl/klasycy/abramowski/
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Abramowski
http://sierp.tc.pl/abram.htm

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Their protests of innocence & their deaths were hardly noticed, overshadowed by the earlier international commotion created by the dramatic deaths of the communist Julian Grimau, on April 20, & the anarchist guerrilla Ramon Vila Capdevila ("Caraquemada") on the 11th of this month.

Granados & Delgado were accused of blowing up a pump on July 29, in the Main directorate of Seguridad (DGS) of Madrid — "symbol of the pro-Franco torture" — & another in the National Delegation of Unions.

They were brutally interrogated & condemned to death in a field court martial behind closed doors marked by legal irregularities.

Almost 33 years later, the actual authors of those explosions publicly testified to their responsibility for the attacks, revealing the sentences of both anarchists today as nothing more than legalalized murder by the dictatorship.

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http://flag.blackened.net/ksl/bullet25.htm#Granados%20And%20Delgado
http://www.espacioalternativo.org/node/view/524
http://www.cgt.es/granadoydelgado/giraexposicion/palencia.html
http://www.nodo50.org/haydeesantamaria/docs_ajenos/gyd_apoyo.htm

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Representantive of the nouveau roman — the new novel — & literature theoretician. His works lack conventional elements, such as dramatic plotting & psychological analysis of the character. His novels are composed largely of recurring images, depicting a world of objects & the random events of everyday life. For Robbe-Grillet, life is not overtly meaningful or absurd. Rather, it simply is.

The most famous dramatization of his literary theories is Alan Resnais's film Last Year at Marienbad, for which he wrote the screenplay.

Nouveau roman, see also: Michel Butor, Claude Simon, Marguerite Duras, Roland Barthes, & Nathalie Sarraute.
The wave of experimentalism has been important mainly in France, but echoes of the anti-novel is seen in the works of Uwe Johnson in Germany, Susan Sontag in America, Christine Brooke-Rose & Rayner Heppenstall in England.

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Born into an aristocratic family, Warlaam Tcherkesoff gave up aspirations of a military career at 16 years of age, taking up with various nihilists groups instead. Imprioned, then exiled to Siberia in 1874, he escaped in 1876 to Geneva, where he took up with Elisée Reclus & Peter Kropotkin. With them he helped found the paper "Le Révolté."

Tcherkesoff later settled in Paris, participating in the Pantheon group, & collaborating on Jean Grave's "Temps Nouveaux" before being expelled fronm the country.

Tcherkesoff returned to Geneva, then on to London before starting a clandestine tour through Russia, Georgia, & the Central Europe, then back to London in 1892

With his partner Frida (sister-in-law of the Dutch anarchist Christian Cornelissen), he joined the anarchist Federation of Jubiliee Street (which included Alexander Schapiro, Rocker Rudolf & Kropotkin) as well as in the "Freedom Group" (founders of the still publishing "Freedom" newspaper).

During the Russian revolution of 1905, he returned to Georgia to found a popular University & found a federalist movement but after the repression he ended up once again back in London where he helped start the "Anarchist Red Cross" (1907).

Warlaam Tcherkesoff, faithful friend of Kropotkin, in 1916 also signed the infamous "Manifesto of the Sixteen", in which they & a handful of other anarchists, caught up in the warmongering of WWI, came out in favor of the Allies against Germany.

During the revolution of 1917-18, he again went to Georgia (which became independent), but returned again to London when the country fell to the Soviet Union in 1921.

Tcherkesoff ...was the first to come up with a systematic pattern for all these facts: he showed that Marx & Engels are not the inventors of the theories which have so long been deemed a part of their intellectual bequest; (1) he even went so far as to prove that some of the most famous Marxist works, such as, for instance, the Communist Manifesto, are in fact only free translations from the French by Marx & Engels. & Tcherkesoff scored a victory when his allegations with regard to the Communist Manifesto were conceded by "Avanti," the central organ of the Italian social democrats, after the author had an opportunity to draw comparisons between the Communist manifesto & The Manifesto of Democracy by Victor Considerant, the appearance of which preceded the publication of Marx & Engels' pamphlet by five years.

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They became the best-known Soviet science fiction writers, continuing a tradition starting from Nikolai Gogol's novel Chronicles of a City, & continuing in Vladimir Mayakovsky's play The Bedbug, & Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master & Margarita.

Under the official dominating Marxist-Leninism ideology much of Strugatskis' works were written in code to avoid censorship. In The Snail on the Slope they argued no form of knowledge can be ultimately secure, implicating the hollowness of Marxist-Leninist theories of progress.

Their major works include Hard to be a God (1964), Definitely Maybe (1976-77), & Roadside Picnic (1972), which was adapted into screen by Andrei Tarkovsky under the title Stalker.

See: Soviet Fiction Since Stalin: Science, Politics, & Literature by R.J. Marsh (1986); The Second Marxian Invasion: The Fiction of the Strugatsky Brothers by Stephen W. Potts (1991).

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Antimilitarist, militant anarchist & journalist

Involved with the anarchist individualists as a youth, & in the libertarian community of Saint-Germain-en-Laye from 1906 to 1908.

In April 19, 1909, in Paris, Goldschild, with Almereyda (Eugène Vigo), Rene de Marmande, George Durupt, & others, were part of a group of friends who created the "Fédération révolutionnaire"qui préconise l'emploi de "l'action directe" for "La destruction radicale de la société capitaliste et autoritaire".

During WWI, with Eugène Merle & Almereyda, he formed "Le Bonnet Rouge" & was card-indexed in the "Carnet B". Though he fought in the war, his ambiguity led to his being sent to prison for 7 years in 1915; after the war he continued his move away from anarchism & pacificism for quite awhile, before returning once more & collaborating on Louis Lecoin's journal "Liberté".

"C'est dans les milieux libertaires que j'ai appris à penser"

— Jean Goldschild, "Libertaire", 1924.

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

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In 1887, as a young socialist & labor militant, Montseny organized demonstrations protesting the executions of the Haymarket anarchists in Chicago.

He read "Les dimanches de la Libre-Pensée" by the teacher & militant Teresa Mañé (Soledad Gustavo), & after meeting her, they both gravitated toward anarchism. They founded a school in Reus, but with the anti-anarchist rperession of 1896 were forced to close the school They were then arrested, along with hundreds of militants, & were imprisoned & tortured in the Montjuich military prison, in Barcelona.

After a year in prison Montseny was expelled from Spain, but soon returned clandestinely, under the name of Federico Urales, & began publishing "Revista Blanca" in Madrid in 1898 (continuing after 1900 as "Tierra y Libertad" after 1900). Montseny then devoted himself to agriculture, journalism, & the writing of books & plays. During WWI he was a signatory of the
Manifesto of the 16 / Manifeste des sieze, one of a few anarchists publically favoring the Allies.

In 1923, with Teresa & his daughter Federica Montseny, they began publishing again "Revista Blanca" & he began publishing his famous small novels Novela Ideal (1925), Novela libre (1929), & El Luchador (1931).

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"Towards the end of the 19th century, Soledad Gustavo & Federico Urales were the founders, first, of "Tierra y Libertad" & of the "Revista Blanca." The latter achieved a print-run of 12,000 copies."

The Novela Ideal genre, devised by the Urales family, the parents of Federica Montseny, sought to spread anarchism’s ethical ideas in readily accessible prose.

Maria BATET: The Novela Ideal did sterling work among the young. There were very interesting themes, religious themes as well, in fact especially, because at the time religion in Spain held great sway & always has. They were always on the look-out for the other side of the coin, to combat religion.

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Already an oldster when the Spanish Revolution broke out in July 1936, Joan Montseny saw his now famous daughter join the government cabinet & the tragedy of immense hopes of the revolution dashed.

Interned in various French concentration camps, he died in Salon, March 12, 1942

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Member of the "Fédération Communiste Anarchiste", during WWI he was arrested with Louis Lecoin & sent to prison for 5 years for "provocation au meurtre, à l'incendie et au pillage".

Released in November 1916, Ruff was arrested a month later, again with Louis Lecoin, for distributing the pacifist leaflet "Imposons la paix!" & sent back to prison.

Ruff continued his militant activies in the 20s & 30s & was in out of jail for these. Because of his known opinions & activities (& also Jewish), Ruff was arrested in 1942 & sent to a concentration camp in Germany — from which he never returned.

[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]

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http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1864iwma/1869-e.htm
http://www.anarchosyndicalism.net/archive/theory

1898 -- [August 20] Fourteen weeks after beginning a walkout, the Amalgamated Woodworkers Union of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, halts its strike.

On August 3rd, the two largest mills reopened, but mass picketing continued & women's squadrons began throwing eggs, salt & rocks. The police, once sympathetic to the strikers, quickly became less tolerant & jailed nine of the women. The union's strike fund, meanwhile, is now depleted. Today's settlement represents a defeat for the workers. Union leaders are blacklisted, & three still face charges of "conspiracy" to injure the Paine Lumber Company. Defending them, Attorney Clarence Darrow presents a seven-&-one-half-hour summary argument that wins a not-guilty verdict.

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Moberg's dramas -- among them ÄNKEMAN JARL (1939), VÅR OFÖDDE SON (1945), DOMAREN (1957) -- have been televised in Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, the Soviet Union, & Yugoslavia. Other plays, such as Ride Tonight (1942), & Man's Woman (1943) were filmed in the 1940s. During WW II Moberg published a novel attacking tyranny & oppression, RID I NATT (Ride This Night, 1941). In the 1970s Moberg started the large historical work, MIN SVENSKA HISTORIA 1-2, which looks at history from the viewpoint of the illiterate classes. The work was left unfinished. He committed suicide, apparently by drowning.

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It used the Esperanto name, "La Voco de La Popolo", & after the first few issues, changed its Chinese title to "Min Sheng" ("The Voice of the People").

By 1913, a number of intellectual groups were cultivating anarchist theories & values, especially in south China. Most active, & producing the great bulk of publications during this period, were Shih Fu & his group, Hui-ming Hsueh-she.

In this journal & also in separate pamphlets, were reprinted various original articles & translations from Hsin Shih-chio In this manner, anarchist thought was widely disseminated. The names of Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, & Malatesta -- & some of their theories -- were now introduced into the main stream of Chinese "progressivism."

In mid-1914, a Society of Anarchist Communist Comrades was established in Canton & anarchist associations were also formed in Nanking, Shanghai, & elsewhere. In August, 1914, Shih Fu wrote a report to the International Anarchist Congress on the history & current condition of the Chinese anarchist movement. Exchanges were established with foreign anarchist movements such as those in Japan & the US. The Esperanto movement was strongly pushed, & Shih Fu became an officer in the international Esperanto Association.

Shih Fu, under threat of arrest, moved to Macao. Here the third & fourth issues of his journal were published, but pressures put upon Portuguese officials again forced him to move. Shanghai, & especially the International Settlement, provided the greatest safety for subversive movements during this era. Min Sheng continued to be published there until its demise, with issue number 29, on November 28, 1916.

See The Chinese Anarchist Movement, by R. Scalapino & G. T. Yu (1961). http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/worldwidemovements/scalapino.html

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In 1945, in Raguse, Sicily, Maria Occhipinti, lies down in front of army trucks which came to find new young conscripts to incorporate into the new Italian army. Within minutes, a crowd surrounds the soldiers, forcing them to release their recruits, but they kill a demonstrator & set off a major revolt.

The city falls to the insurgents & resists government troops for three days. The revolt is subdued only at the cost of many deaths. Leaders in the revolt, including Maria & the young anarchist Erasmo Santangelo, were imprisoned until the end of 1946, (except Santangelo, who was sentenced to 23 years & later found hung in his cell).

The Communist Party, seeking to help restore the capitalist state & the national army in a bid for a piece of the power pie, condemned this revolt as a "soulèvement fasciste".

Maria Occhipinti tells her own story of the uprising in A Woman of Sicily (Italy, 1957; translated into French, 1980.)

http://ytak.club.fr/juillet4.html#occhipinti

1752 -- [August 21] France: Jacques Roux (1752-1794) lives, Charente.

French revolutionist, known as the pitiless & sometimes cruel "Red Priest," but also a precursor of socialism & modern anarchism. Denounced those monopolizing the revolution, the speculator, the merchant — & also government & the whole apparatus of the parliamentary state. Wrote the famed "Manifeste des enragés" (signed by Jean Varlet & Leclerc d'Oze). A spokesman of poorest "sans-culottes" & incited women to assert their rights.

See Peter Kropotkin's The Great French Revolution
http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/kropotkin/KropotkinCW.html

"Liberty is no more than an empty shell when one class of men is allowed to condemn another to starvation without any measures being taken against them. & equality is also an empty shell when the rich, by exercising their economic monopolies, have the power of life or death over other members of the community.'

http://ytak.club.fr/fevrier2.html#10

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When the Paris trial of the Bonnot Gang ends sentences are handed out on February 27, 1913, as follows:

• Raymond Callemin, Eugene Dieudonne, Andre Soudy, & Antoine Monier, are condemned to death;
• Paul Metge & Edouard Carouy get life without parole (Carouy commits suicide tomorrow, in his cell).
• Their accused accomplices: Jean de Boe: 10 years forced labor; Gauzy: 18 months prison; Kibaltchiche (aka, Victor Serge, editor of "L'anarchie"): 5 years prison.
• Rirette Maitrejean is freed. Louis Rimbault, sentenced to prison, fakes mental illness & gains his release.
• Eugene Dieudonne's death sentence was commuted to life. After several escapes, & following a campaign for his release headed by Albert London, he was pardoned in 1925.

See Richard Parry's The Bonnot Gang, (Rebel Press) which punctures the romanticism of "illegality" & individual armed struggle. He sees the Bonnot Gang as a temporary coalition of individualist anarchists drawn together by the anarchist individualist weekly "L'Anarchie" & criminals who donned the cloak of anarchism in their search for a convenient philosophical excuse for their actions — without support of the populace or the rest of the anarchist movement.

See also Doug Imrie's article, "The Illegalists", & background material on the Bonnot Gang, online,
http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/BonnotGang/calleminWhy.htm

http://www.chez.com/durru/bonnot/bonnot.htm
http://ytak.club.fr/mai1.html#1
http://www.mindspring.com/~acheslow/AuntMary/bonnot/bonnot.html

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Some crimes are too terrible to be forgotten, & especially when a self-righteous America wraps itself in it's flag & dares to characterize others as evil. It can only do this because it denies it's own war crimes, alter's history, hides it's own complicity in murder & genocide at home & around the world, decade after decade, as it seeks to impose itelf everywhere.

As a whole the conference focused on Cold War human rights abuses in South Korea, Taiwan, & Okinawa that were backed or perpetrated by the US government.

But the main object of the conference was to bring world attention to one of the darkest yet least-known chapters of postwar Asian history-the horrific genocide of 30,000 innocent civilians on Cheju-do between 1948 & 1949. In the space of one year, fully 10 percent of the island's total population of 300,000 was massacred — literal Roman decimation. Privately the governor of Cheju told American intelligence at the time that 60,000 were killed.

This mass murder, in the guise of an anti-Communist civil war, was undertaken by the South Korean army, the Cheju-do police, & the U.S. military, which directed the counterinsurgency operation, providing military advisers, naval & air support, & U.S. ground troops. Prof. Bruce Cumings of the University of Chicago, America's foremost authority on contemporary Korea, is the scholar in the United States who has been trying to notify the American public about the 1948 genocide in Cheju-do. In 1990 he wrote in Volume II of The Origins of the Korean War, published by Princeton University Press:

It can be said that the 20th century history of East Asia consists of imperialist colonialism in the first half & cold war conflicts in the second half. The end of World War II ushered in the era of cold war which manifested itself most prominently in East Asia.

http://www.kimsoft.com/1997/43wh.htm
http://www.kimsoft.com/1997/cheju.htm

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Typesetter & translator, friend of Max Nettlau, Gustav Landauer (collaborating on "Der Sozialist" & "La Révolte"), Rudolf Rocker & the Flores Magón brothers (translating articles into English for their paper, "Regeneración" until they had a falling out). Quite taken with Giovanni Rossi's writings (on the Cecilia Colony in South America, etc), Stanftleben translated & edited "Un comune socialista", together with other articles & letters by Rossi & others, under the title Utopie und Experiment (Zurich 1897). A manuscript by Sanftleben about Emiliano Zapata (of which there is little reliable literature), based primary source materials, remains, unfortunately, unpublished.
[Source: L'Ephéméride Anarchiste]
http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/r/10767782.php

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• 1927 All Hollywood newsreels on Sacco & Vanzettiare ordered destroyed by Will Hayes, movie czar.
• 1937 A bas-relief of Sacco & Vanzetti by noted sculptor Gutzon Borglum is offered to Massachusetts Governor Charles F. Hurley on 10th anniversary of their execution but it is refused.
• 1947 Borglum plaque is offered to Governor Bradford & Acting Mayor of Boston John B. Hynes, but it is refused.
• 1959 Rep. Alexander Celia introduces bill for posthumous pardon for Sacco & Vanzetti to Massachusetts Legislature. The petition is denied.
• 1974 Department of Justice (sic) Sacco-Vanzetti files are opened under Freedom of Information Act.
• 1977 Dukakis proclaims August 23,1977, Sacco & Vanzetti day, removing any stigma from their names.
• Massachusetts State Police files are opened under Freedom of Information Act (American Freedom is of such a quality it requires many Acts), showing Felix Frankfurter's phone was tapped in 1927 because of his Sacco-Vanzetti activities.
• Harvard University opens the Sacco/Vanzetti papers to the public.
• 1979 Boston Public Library accepts Aldino Felicani's Sacco/Vanzetti collection & holds a Sacco-Vanzetti Conference to mark the occasion. Felicani was an anarchist who fought to clear their name, beginning with their imprisonment, until his death in 1967. Borglum plaque accepted by Boston Public Library as part of the Felicani Sacco-Vanzetti collection.

See Heroes & Martyrs: Emma Goldman, Sacco & Vanzetti, & the Revolutionary Struggle, an audio CD by Howard Zinn.

Online resources:

Memorial Page, @infoshop.org

Background, from "Mass Moments"

"March On, O Dago Christs" (poem by Malcolm Cowley)

The following three articles are from a web site [www.saccovanzettiproject.org/] which no longer exists in 2005; we have archive copies:

"What Need Be Said" by David Wieck

Italian Anarchism in America: An Historical Background to the Sacco-Vanzetti Case by Paul Avrich

La Salute é in Voi: the Anarchist Dimension by Robert D'Attilio

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Executed on August 23, 1927, their case was commemorated in an outpouring of literary expression. On the first anniversary of the execution, the "Nation" published Malcolm Cowley’s “For St. Bartholomew’s Day.” The poem ended in defiance & resolve, when Cowley invoked Sacco & Vanzetti as saints martyred to the cause of freedom. In an ironic gesture, he used images of Catholicism to commemorate the two devout anarchists (and thus atheists) & to proclaim them as spiritual leaders.

1919 -- [August 24] Barcelona, Spain, 1919 un año compulsiv

El 24 de agosto será arrestado el pistolero de Portillo, Luís Fernández por los Mozos de Escuadra que iban acompañados del juez Alberto Parera y de los abogados Jesús Ulled y Guerra del Río. Fernández después de diversos interrogatorios reconoció que era confidente de Bravo Portillo implicando también, en el asesinato del "Tero" al coronel de policía Alvarez Caparrós, ya que su coche había servido para llevar a cabo la operación.

Debido a las numerosas huelgas y lock-outs que había en Barcelona, el nuevo gobernador civil Julio Amado pretendía sentar a los obreros y los empresarios, para que pusieran fin a la difícil situación en que vivía Barcelona, pero los cenetistas en ese momento contaban con quince mil hombres huidos o presos y los sindicatos clausurados, por lo que la situación era difícil de negociar, así el 2 de septiembre se levantó él "Estado de Guerra" en el que vivía Barcelona, aunque precisamente desde Gobernación ese mismo día habían pedido refuerzos a Madrid en guardias civiles y agentes de policía secretas.

http://www.manelaisa.com/texto/Articulos/PagArticulos9.htm

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Interned in the French concentration camps as refugees escaping Franco's fascist takeover in Spain, many find their way out & join the anti-Nazi undergound résistance in France & Africa. Their experience during the Spanish Revolution lends itself to guérilla actions & as members of the Maquis.

Tomorrow they resume combat elsewhere in the Republic. On the 26th they are triumphant on the Fields-Elysées (preceding General de Gaulle), & move into Lorraine & Alsace, & liberating Strasbourg on September 23. They are also among the last to fight in Germany, particularly at Hitler 's headquarters in Berchtesgaden (the Alps Bavarian) where they are the first to arrive.

Their hopes to next liberate Spain, however, are dashed, as de Gaulle prohibits antifranquist acitivites into the 1960s, imprisoning Spanish militants & anarchist-trade unionists.

http://ytak.club.fr/aout4.html#24

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