Our Daily Bleed...
Our Daily Bleed...
The Daily Bleed Detail Reference Page for the month of January
The following entries on this page provide details, subtext or background relating to dated entries cited in the Daily Bleed Calendar, linking from there to the date(s) cited here.
The Daily Bleed Calendar in full, each day of the year, is accessible at http://www.recollectionbooks.com/bleed/calmast.htm
Topics by Emma include "The Bolsheviki — Their True Nature & Aim," "The Russian Revolution & its Forerunners," "Maxim Gorki," "Leonid Andreyeff," "America & the Russian Revolution," "The Spiritual & Intellectual Development of Russia," "The Spiritual Awakening of Russia," & "Women Martyrs of Russia."
The mayor of Ann Arbor, responding to pressure from the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), cancels Emma Goldman's public engagements.
Plans to speak in St. Louis, Minneapolis, Denver, Kansas City, & Cleveland are abandoned in light of difficulty securing halls & her pending imprisonment.
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1919 -- [January 1] Sara Berenguer Lahosa lives. Spanish poet, militant feminist & anarchist. Member Mujers Libres de Les Corts (Barcelona).Companion of Jesús Guillen Bertolin (aka Guillembert). Both were organizers of the 50th anniversary exposition marking the beginning of the Spanish Revolution of 1936.
Sara appears in Susana Koska's film, Mujeres en pie de guerra (Women on a War Footing; New York Times Critic's Pick 2004), along with María Salvo, Sara Berenguer, Rosa Díaz, Neus Català, Rosa Laviña, & the sisters Carme & Merçona Puig Antich.
http://ytak.club.fr/janvier1.html#berenguerMilitante anarchiste féminine, et poétesse. Elle est née dans une modeste famille ouvrière, son père est maçon et militant libertaire.
A treize ans, elle commence à travailler dans une boucherie de marché, mais révoltée par l'exploitation et le machisme, elle quitte plusieurs emplois successivement.
Elle n'a que 17 ans, le 19 juillet 1936, lorsqu'éclate la révolution. Alors que son père part se battre sur le front, elle s'investit dans la lutte. De secrétaire pour le "Comité Révolutionnaire", elle se retrouve un jour responsable de la distribution des armes. Le soir, elle milite au sein des "Jeunesses Libertaires" et donne des cours aux enfants des rues.
Mais de 1937 à 1938, la révolution est grignotée par la guerre; elle s'engage dans une section de S.I.A. (International Antifascist Solidarity) où elle se démène sans compter.
En octobre 1938, elle rejoint le mouvement féminin Mujeres Libres puis s'occupe du secrétariat régional. Mais "la Generalitat" (gouvernement autonome catalan) obéissant maintenant aux communistes, exige la restitution du "Casal" (maison de la femme ouvrière) dirigé par la militante Amparo Poch y Gascon. Les gardes d'assaut reprennent le local où s'étaient retranchées Sara et ses compagnes.
En janvier 1939, c'est l'exode vers la France, elle poursuit son travail pour S.I.A. à Perpignan puis à Béziers, où elle tente de secourir les internés des camps, dont son compagnon Jésus. Dans une situation très précaire, elle ne cesse pas la lutte pour autant, malgré la naissance de deux enfants. Après la libération, avec Jésus, elle poursuit son action au sein de la C.N.T. [Confederacion Nacional del Trabajo] en exil. Ils en seront exclus en 1965, pour leur soutien aux jeunes activistes antifranquistes que le mouvement sclérosé ne reconnaît plus. Mais elle ne se laisse pas abattre et, en 1965, elle reprend avec Suceso Portales, la rédaction de la revue Mujeres Libres. Sa maison, près de Béziers, reste un lieu de rendez-vous des anarchistes.
Sara se consacre alors à la poésie et à la rédaction d'un récit autobiographie Entre el Sol y la Tormenta (1988). Longue vie à Sara! Lire : la brochure "Graine d'ananar", écrite par Jacinta Rausa qui lui est consacrée.
http://www.alasbarricadas.org/ateneovirtual/index.php/Lista_de_biograf%C3%ADas_AF_%28B%29Use your back button to return to your last page
1984 -- [January 1] Augustin Souchy (1892-1984), German anarchist pacifist, dies.Influenced, while young, by reading of Gustav Landauer.
In 1914 Souchy sought refuge in Sweden, but ended up in prison for distributing leaflets against the war. In prison, he wrote a book on Landauer. After the war, in 1920, he went to Russia for a labor congress, where he met & stayed with Peter Kropotkin. On his return Souchy wrote a very critical book on the Soviet Revolution.
In 1919 Souchy, with Arthur Lehning & Rudolf Rocker, was a founder of the German FAUD.
In 1922, Souchy became one of the three secretaries of the new A.I.T.
With the seizure of power by Hitler, fled from Germany, &, in 1936, participated in the Spanish Revolution, which he wrote about.
In 1937 he & Emma Goldman leave Valencia for Barcelona, which comes under bombardment by Franco's fascist forces a few days later. Souchy asked Emma to work for the foreign-language press office of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo-Federación Anarquista Ibérica (CNT-FAI).
Souchy spent time in France & Mexico before returning to Germany in 1950.
Souchy wrote With the Peasants of Aragon (Translated by Abe Bluestein); Attention anarchiste: une vie pour la liberté; Comment vivent le paysan et l'ouvrier en Russie?; Nuit sur l'Espagne; La révolution sociale en Espagne; Amérique Latine: entre généraux paysans et révolutionnaires, etc.
See also our reference entry for Souchyhttp://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/08ref.htm#28/1892 http://hemsidor.torget.se/users/c/Chilli/Souchy.htm
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1994 -- [January 1] EZLN insurgency begins. The EZLN, an unheard-of revolutionary organisation, seized power in parts of Chiapas, southern Mexico, calling for the reforms Zapata had fought & died for. Forty thousand federal troops now surround the revolutionaries, & the Mexican government is again under extreme pressure to reform. The struggle of the indigenous & oppressed people of Mexico has never ceased & the EZLN have captured the imagination & won the support of many.As the clock struck midnight on Jan. 1, 1994, 3,000 indigenous men & women emerged from the highlands of Chiapas in southern Mexico equipped with black ski masks, a smattering of arms, & fake guns made of wood. Within hours they had captured six large towns. The rebellion, they explained, was timed to concur with the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which signified a death sentence for the natives of Chiapas, whose lands contain vast reserves of oil, uranium, & exotic timber. Their demands were simple:
Nothing for us, everything for everybody. Indigenous army in Chiapas, Mexico, rebels in reaction to implementation of NAFTA agreement. Briefly takes over four towns before receding into jungle & beginning a national dialogue on the future of genuine democracy in Mexico. Government & business interests, their power threatened, will have none of it.
See Our Word Is Our Weapon: Selected Writings of Subcomandante Marco (Highly praised by such renowned social critics, writers, & historians as Howard Zinn, Alice Walker, Mike Davis, Eduardo Galeano, Zack de la Rocha, Kurt Vonnegut, & Martín Espada.)
http://www.sfbg.com/lit/feb01/reviews.html http://www.zapata.com/
http://struggle.ws/mexico/ip/hist.html
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2000 -- [January 1] France: Arthur Lehning (1899-2000) dies, Le Plessis, Indre. Born on October 23, 1899, he was 100 years old.Anarchist & anti-militarist, an essayist & the sole editor of the avant-garde journal i 10. He was, among many other things, a secretary of the anarcho-syndicalist International Working Men's Association in 1932-1935, at a time when the IWMA was closely involved in the revolutionary activities of the Spanish Confederacin Nacional del Trabajo (CNT).
At the International Institute of Social History, Lehning will be remembered as an important representative of its founding generation. In 1935 he was among the Institute's first staff, with a special responsibility for the South-European & Anarchist collections.
From April 1939 all through WW II he was in charge of the Oxford branch of the IISH, to which the most sensitive archival records had been sent after the conclusion of the Munich Agreement. In 1957 he returned to the Institute as editor of the collected works of the Russian revolutionary, Mikhail Bakunin, published under the title Archives Bakounine. Some of his major scholarly articles were collected in From Buonarroti to Bakunin (1970).
A real internationalist, who lived in many countries & used to travel widely, Lehning always took a lively interest in political & cultural affairs that far outranged the traditional scope of the Institute. The IISH owes him deep gratitude for the tremendous work he has accomplished on its behalf.
— International Institute of Social History
Arthur Lehning was a founder, in December 1919, with Rudolf Rocker & Augustin Souchy, of the FAUD (anarcho-syndicalist Freie Arbeiter Union Deutschland).
Establishes & becomes curator of the monumental "Bakunin Files", with the International Institute of Social History of Amsterdam, in 1971.
The State, then is the most flagrant negation, the most cynical & complete negation of humanity. It rends apart the universal solidarity of all men upon the earth, & it unites some of them only in order to destroy, conquer, & enslave all the rest...— Mikhail Bakunin, "Federalism, Socialism & Anti-Teologism," 1867
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/2249/lehningarthur.html
http://www.iisg.nl/
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1793 -- [January 3] Lucretia Mott lives, Nantucket, Massachusetts. Abolitionist & feminist.A life of reaction is a life of slavery, intellectually & spiritually. One must fight for a life of action, not reaction.— Rita Mae Brown
One of the strongest voices for the rights of women & blacks in the US was Lucretia Coffin Mott, a birthright Quaker who lived most of her life in Philadelphia, the center of American Quakerism.The event that triggered her involvement in women's rights activity was richly ironic. She was an accredited delegate to an international antislavery convention in London, along with five other US women. The men in charge apparently saw nothing wrong with excluding all women from an assembly dedicated to advancing the rights of blacks.
It was on the sidewalk outside the convention where Mott started her long association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, together they were instrumental in establishing the basis for women's suffrage. She was a peacemaker between groups with different priorities, & campaigned (dressed in Quaker grey) for human rights into her 85th year. Her incisive, challenging mind, a clear sense of her mission, & a level-headed personality made her a natural leader & a major force in her time.
—Bleedster G. Armour Van Horn, Twisted History Let woman then go on, not asking for favors, but claiming as right, the removal of all hindrances to her elevation in the scale of being.— Lucretia Mott, 1793 - 1880
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A fire brigade, determined to do its duty as it saw it, rushed up to the police barricades & demanded to be allowed through to extinguish the flames. The police refused to accommodate them, & a heated argument ensued. Churchill intervened & forbade the fire brigade to approach the house. But he enjoined them to stand by should the fire threaten to spread to adjacent buildings.The fire engulfed the ground floor, the ceiling & upper floors collapsed, & the existence of life in what was left of the building clearly became impossible. Scores of guns were trained on the front door, which never opened. At last, the police lines dissolved, the fire brigade was unleashed, & the Home Secretary went home. The charred bodies of Svaars & Joseph were recovered.
According to Martin Gilbert's biography, Churchill's secretary Charles Masterman was horrified that the Home Secretary should have personally attended the "siege." When WSC got back to the Home Office, Masterman sternly accosted him: "What have you been doing, Winston?" Churchill was still so invigorated by the excitement that he forgot his usually well-disguised lisp: "Now Charleth, don't he croth; it wath such fun!"
Unknown East London:One of the most famous incidents in East End history also took place close by. At a red brick four-storey house, the famous siege took place on 3 January 1911 when the robbery of Harris's Jewellery Shop in Houndsditch by a Russian Anarchist group intending to raise funds went seriously wrong.
The gang dispersed to lodgings in the surrounding streets, one of which was 100 Sidney Street. Two of the gang members, Fritz Svaars & `Josef' Marx barricaded themselves in on the first floor. Winston Churchill, then the Home Secretary, was the most notable visitor to the much publicised shoot out. The anarchists held off the efforts of the armed police & Scots Guards from the Tower of London for some six hours, before the house caught fire. Two charred bodies were found in the ruins. The leader of the gang who had masterminded the original Houndsditch affair, believed to be Peter Piatkov, miraculously escaped, giving rise to the legend of 'Peter the Painter'.
The place where Eastern European anarchists were killed in a siege in January 1911 on Sidney Street. After a robbery of a jeweller’s shop in Houndsditch were several policemen were shot dead. The young Winston Churchill ordered hundreds of police officers, a detachment of Scots Guards & a unit of Horse Artillery from the nearby Tower of London flush out the four anarchists from their hideout. The intensity of following gun battle caused the building burn down with the revolutionaries inside, though one of the anarchists, Peter the painter had already made his get away.
http://www.afed.org.uk/res/resist14.html
http://katesharpleylibrary.net/costantini/gallery/c26-SidneyStreet.html
Sidney Street Illustration by Flavio Costantini See also the
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Aside from the London anarchists, Emma finds allies among leading members of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), including Fenner Brockway & especially writer Ethel Mannin, who becomes a close friend.
The first fruit of this alliance is Emma Goldman's joining forces with a broad English coalition sympathetic to the Republican cause to mount an exhibition in February of photographs, cartoons, posters, & pamphlets from Spain.
Meanwhile, The death on Jan. 1 of Commissioner of Immigration Daniel W. MacCormack threatens to weaken the confidence built up in the Department of Labor & delay any chance of Emma's return to the US.
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Having read Emma Goldman's article in December's "Spain & the World," Vázquez & Herrera warn her that frequent publicity about political persecution by the Negrín government & the Communists only undermines enthusiasm among the international proletariat for the cause of anti-fascism; she replies by noting widespread distrust of the Communists & concern that CNT-FAI tactics have dampened the workers' general enthusiasm for the revolution.
Emma also acknowledges that Paul Robeson & his wife are distancing themselves from her as a result of their close association with the Communists.
US labor leader & anarchist Rose Pesotta meets with Emma in London; promises to help organize a committee to obtain a US visa for Goldman.
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Et ça ne fait que commencer 
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Masereel came from a well-to-do family. He attended an art academy, & became interested in anarchism & pacifism.
At the outbreak of WWI, he fled to Geneva in neutral Switzerland. There he met many left artists & writers, such as Romain Rolland & Stefan Zweig, who became friends for life. Masereel started illustrating the pacifist magazines Les Tablettes & La Feuille. They established his international reputation.
Masereel had a long association, which lasted through the height of the Expressionist movement, with German book publisher Kurt Wolff. Inexpensive editions of Masereel's woodcut stories — including Mein Studenbuch, Geschichte Ohne Worte, & Die Stadt — as well as his illustrations for novels, pamphlets, & posters, made him an extremely popular artist. His work was also published in France, & later in the United States, to great acclaim.
In his art & his politics Masereel was always sympathetic to working people & their struggles, & in the late 1920's artists surveyed by a German magazine named Grosz, Kathe Kollwitz, & Masereel as the most important artists concerned with the daily lives of workers.
http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/art/indexmasereel.html
http://www.graphicwitness.org/historic/masereel.htm
http://flag.blackened.net/af/org/issue43/war.html
http://www.agraphia.uk.com/home.html
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2000 -- [January 3] Mexico: Zapatista Air (Mail) Attack
From the Mexican daily "La Jornada":
Amador Hernandez, Chiapas — The Zapatista Air Force today attacked the Federal Army encampment here with paper airplanes. Some flew well & maneuvered themselves right into the dormitories, hidden by vegetation & large black plastic sheeting. Others sputtered in flight & barely cleared the barbed wire fence.
The aircraft, white in color & letter size, carried written messages for the federal troops which have occupied a portion of the outskirts of this community for the last five months. The barbed wire is not the only cutting edge: "Soldiers, we know that poverty has made you sell your lives & souls. I also am poor, as are millions. But you are worse off, for defending our exploiter — Zedillo & his group of moneybags."
The daily, persistent & almost incredible protest of the indigenous of this region against the military occupation of their lands on the outskirts of Montes Azules has sought in many ways to make itself heard by the troops, who appear to live on the other side of the sound barrier. This afternoon they took to the air in typewritten notes, originals & carbon copies, in the prehistory of graphic reproduction.
They wrote several editions, with their copies, to maximally equip their contingent of Kamikaze letter-bombers. The plane is the bomb: "We do not sell our lives. We want to free our lives & those of your children, your lives & those of your wives, your brothers and sisters, your uncles & aunts, fathers & mothers, & the lives of millions of poor exploited Mexicans. We want to free their lives also so that soldiers do not repress their towns by the order of a few thieves."
In recent nights, the military encampment has remained on alert. All night, every fifteen minutes, a voice is heard saying, "alert, alert," among the soldiers. "So that they don't sleep," says Jose, a Tzeltal Maya peasant who has spent those nights in the encampment of the peasants who watch over the community of Amador Hernandez, & during the day they dream up protest options.
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1844 -- [January 4]
The city falls to the insurgents & resists government troops for three days. The revolt is subdued only at the cost of many deaths. Leaders in the revolt, including Maria, accompanied by the young anarchist Erasmo Santangelo, organizer of the revolt, were imprisoned until the end of 1946, (except Santangelo, who was sentenced to 23 years & later found hung in his cell). The Communist Party, seeking to help restore the capitalist state & its national army in its bid for a piece of the power pie, condemned this revolt as a "soulèvement fasciste", whereas the insurrectionists claimed only bread & freedom. Maria Occhipinti told her memories of the fight in A Woman of Sicily (Italy, 1957; translated into French, 1980.)
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1879 -- [January 4] England: The weekly German language magazine "Freiheit" (Freedom) begins publishing today, in London. [Some sources indicate the 3rd rather than the 4th --ed.]
With Most's death in 1906, Max Baginski & Henry Bauer continue the newspaper until August 13, 1910.
http://www.geocities.com/~johngray/fuse02.htm
http://deu.anarchopedia.org/index.php/Johann_Most>http://deu.anarchopedia.org/index.php/Johann_Most
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1891 -- Founding Congress of the Revolutionary Anarchist Socialist Party (PSAR), January 4-6In January 1891, Gori took part, in the Swiss city of Capolago, in the foundation congress of the Revolutionary Anarchist Socialist Party (PSAR). This was an attempt to float a libertarian organization that recognised group autonomy, was to achieve coordination on the basis of regional federations liaising through a number of corresponding commissions. Along with Amilcare Cipriani, Malatesta, Francesco Saverio Merlino, Gori was one of the chief backers & propagandists of this party.Returning to Milan, Gori joined with a number of workers, artists & students to launch L’Amico del Popolo, a newspaper that published 27 issues, all 27 of which were impounded by the authorities!
This was one indication of the repression that battened upon the new-born PSAR, a repression that culminated after the May Day demonstrations of 1891, when, yet again, the anarchists were very much to the fore.
Source:
http://flag.blackened.net/ksl/bullet19.htm#
http://www.anares.org/theleme/nmga.htm
In French, see also Ephéméride anarchiste
[ See also Pietro Gori Chronology by Franco Bertolucci ]
http://www.quintiliano.it/archiviostato/AnarchiciPregiudica/indexAnarcPreg.htmUse your back button to return to your last page
1844 -- [January 5] Peru: Manuel González Prada lives (1844-1918), Lima. Author, poet, anarchist.
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1858 -- [January 6] Sébastien Faure, was influenced by Peter Kropotkin, Élisée Reclus & Joseph Tortelier.Closely associated with Louise Michel, he became a major figure in his own right, & one of the best-known anarchists France.Sébastien Faure advocated what he called an 'Anarchist Synthesis' in which individualism, libertarian communism & anarcho-syndicalism could co-exist.
In 1921 he was the leading French anarchist critic against the growing Communist dictatorship in the Soviet Union & during the 30s, he was a prominent member of the International League of Fighters for Peace.
In 1940 Faure took refuge from the war in Royan (near Bordeaux), where he died in 1942.
Faure published numerous papers & journals, & wrote for sundry others; his books include La douleur universelle (1895), Mon communisme (1921), L'imposture religieuse (1923), Propos subversifs etc., & he initiated the important four volume l'Encyclopédie Anarchiste.
http://increvablesanarchistes.org/articles/avan1914/laruche.htm
http://increvablesanarchistes.org/album_photo/photavan1914/laruche.htm
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1910 -- [January 6]
Goldman's tour of the "Land of the Free" begins with free-speech battles that thwart her from speaking in Detroit, Columbus, & Buffalo.
The January issue of her anarchist magazine Mother Earth is seized by the US Postmaster on Anthony Comstock's objection to her essay "White Slave Traffic." It was released on Jan. 29 when officials decide there is nothing legally objectionable in the magazine.
January 9-10, large audiences attend Goldman's lectures in Cleveland; Mid-January, a successful meeting in Toledo; In Chicago, Goldman conducts six lectures in English & three in Yiddish; January 23-24, three successful meetings in Milwaukee; January 26-27, speaking engagements in Madison, Wis., set off a storm of protest from state & university officials who deny any formal endorsement of Goldman; Late January, the press attributes Goldman's unsuccessful meeting in Hannibal, Mo., to the intimidation posed by police when they record the names of everyone who steps inside the lecture hall.
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1911 -- [January 6]
January 8-14, Emma's lectures in Buffalo & Pittsburgh poorly attended; January 15-16, successful events in Cleveland, especially the Jewish meeting; January 17-20, mixed results in Columbus; denied opportunity to speak on several occasions. Emma receives support from many members of the United Mine Workers, although leaders of the UMW vote against inviting her to speak at their convention; mid-January, she holds small meetings in Elyria & Dayton, Ohio; January 21-23, speaks in Cincinnati; January 24-25, after a free-speech battle in Indianapolis, Emma is offered use of the Pentecost Tabernacle by a preacher; the next day she speaks at the Universalist Church; late January, Emma holds two meetings in Toledo; January 31-February 5, lectures in Detroit disappointing.
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1912 -- [January 6] Jacques Ellul, French Christian anarchist...During the mid-1930's Ellul was a member of the French Communist Party, & fought with the Resistance during WWII. Primarily known as a theologian, Ellul wrote 43 books, mostly about theology & ethics & his concerns of how to maintain moral values in a technological society.In 1988 he published Anarchie et Christianisme, made available in the US in 1991, defining his anarchism, explaining why he admires the likes of Mikhail Bakunin & the early anarcho-syndicalists. While not believing anarchism a realistically attainable goal, Ellul considers anarchism among the most admirable of goals.
If I rule out violent anarchism, there remains pacifist, antinationalist, anticapitalist, moral, & antidemocratic anarchism (i.e., that which is hostile to the falsified democracy of bourgeois states).There remains the anarchism which acts by means of persuasion, by the creation of small groups & networks, denouncing falsehood & oppression, aiming at a true overturning of authorities of all kinds as people at the bottom speak & organize themselves. All this is very close to Bakunin.
— Jacques Ellul, Anarchie et Christianisme, (1991)
http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/ellul/aac.html
http://www.river.org/~dhawk/ellul.html
http://world.std.com/~jchat/ellul/What constantly marked the life of Jesus was not nonviolence but in every situation the choice not to use power. This is infinitely different.
— What I Believe
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1916 -- [January 6] Strike at the Youngstown Sheet & Tube plant declared. Tomorrow the strikers' wives & other members of their families join in protest outside the factories.
Company guards employ tear gas bombs & fire into the crowd; three strikers are killed & 25 others wounded.
"Youngstown Strike" is one of William Gropper's most compelling works
Youngstown Strike is one of Gropper's most compelling works, apparently prompted by the extended strikes staged in 1936-37 by workers at the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio.
During these years chaos frequently reigned throughout much of the city. In one incident, following a savage confrontation with police guards by workers & their families, the police tear gassed & shot at the workers; two strikers were killed & twenty-eight injured. Gropper visited Youngstown during this period, & commented on the incident in an article & a series of descriptive action sketches published in The Nation.
The 1916 strike at the Youngstown Sheet & Tube plant was declared on January 6 by the 8,000 employed workers, seemingly as a result of wage demands as well as the employees wretched housing conditions ' On the following day, January 7,'the strikers' wives & other members of their families joined in protest outside the factories. In an attempt to disperse them, company guards employed tear gas bombs & thereafter fired into the crowd; three strikers were killed & twenty-five others were wounded.
Gropper's painting depicts the chaotic moment immediately after the shootings when the dead workers are lying on the ground & the shocked crowd expresses its outrage at the atrocity. The similarity between the conditions which led to this tragedy & those which had continued to prevail during the ensuing decades constituted Gropper's message of anger & dismay at this crucial moment.
http://www.gropper.com/ http://www.butlerart.com/pc_book/pages/william_gropper_1897.htmGropper studied under Robert Henri & George Bellows. Considered one of the most significant American artists of his generation. Contributed to several other newspapers & magazines including The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, the New York Post, & the New Masses. Visited Russia in 1927 with writers Theodore Dreiser & Sinclair Lewis. Covered the United Nations charter conference in San Francisco for Freiheit & the New Masses, associated with the Ash-Can Group of social realist artists. A socialist, he had his cartoons published in radical journals such as the Liberator, the Revolutionary Age & the New Masses.
On May 6, 1953, Senator Joseph McCarthy called the artist to testify before his Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. Gropper became entangled in the Committee's inquiry into the State Department's Information Service.
The artist allowed the State Department to distribute prints of his painting celebrating American Folklore. Senator McCarthy considered the picture "subversive", & questioned why copies were kept by U.S. embassies abroad. To avoid self incrimination, Gropper plead the Fifth (Another source says he refused to appear).
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1917 -- [January 7] US: January-April 2, Emma Goldman lectures before Yiddish & English-speaking audiences in New York, Cleveland, Philadelphia, Washington, DC, Passaic, N.J., Boston, Springfield, & Brockton, Mass.
Topics include "Obedience, A Social Vice," "Celibacy or Sex Expression," "Vice & Censorship, Twin Sisters—How Vice is Not Suppressed," "Michael Bakunin, His Life & Work," "Walt Whitman, the Liberator of Sex," "The Speculators in War & Starvation," "American Democracy in Relation to the Russian Revolution," & a course on Russian literature.
During this period Emma is also preoccupied with the threat of Alexander Berkman's extradition to California in connection with the Tom Mooney case.
Following the February Revolution in Russia, she supports William Shatoff's return to Russia with a contingent of Russian exiles & refugees. She & Alex entrust Louise Berger with the delivery of a manifesto they have written to the people of Russia to protest the American imprisonment of Mooney & Billings. Both attend Leon Trotsky's farewell lecture in New York City. They contemplate visiting Russia, but decide to postpone plans when they learn the British government has held up the return of several Russian revolutionaries.
http://struggle.ws/ws/gold49.html
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In 1920 Rudolf Rocker wrote Die Bankrotte des Russischen Stautskommunismus (The Bankruptcy of State Communism), which appeared in 1921. This was the first analysis to be made of the degeneration of the Russian Revolution. In his view the famous "dictatorship of the proletariat" was not the expression of the will of a single class, but the dictatorship of a party pretending to speak in the name of a class & kept in power by force of bayonets. "Under the dictatorship of the proletariat in Russia a new class has developed, the 'commissarocracy,' which oppresses the broad masses just as much as the old regime used to do." By systematically subordinating all the factors in social life to an all-powerful government endowed with every prerogative, "one could not fail to end up with the hierarchy of officials which proved fatal to the development of the Russian Revolution." "Not only did the Bolsheviks borrow the state apparatus from the previous society, but they have given it an all-embracing power which no other government arrogates to itself." Just before he died Kropotkin too had issued a "Message to the Workers of the West" in which he sorrowfully denounced the rise of a "formidable bureaucracy": "It seems to me that this attempt to build a communist republic on the basis of a strongly centralized state, under the iron law of the dictatorship of one party, has ended in a terrible fiasco. Russia teaches us how not to impose communism."
http://www.geocities.com/nestor_mcnab/guerin/Russia.html |
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In the 1960s she smuggled arms into Spain for the resistance fighters who, since 1939, were still fighting the Franco regime. The Catalans, prone to giving nicknames, christened her "la yaya Makhnowista" (the Makhnovist Granny). The last known survivor of the Makhnovist movement in the west. As a young girl, Feldman helped sew uniforms for the Makhnovist Army.
Leah Feldman attended Kropotkin's funeral (the last permitted anarchist demonstration until the collapse of Stalinism), & joined the anarchist Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army led by Nestor Makhno.
Leah then worked her way to Palestine where she organised a federation of anarchists.
One surprise was meeting her old anarchist friend Paula Green, who had been pressured into marriage in Russia, & had chosen an atheist zionist. Paula knew he was active in Labour politics but thought it impossible he would ever be in government.
Green changed his name to Ben Gurion & became the first prime minister of Israel.
Paula Green never once took part in any public functions with him. She remained a still believing, if passive, anarchist.
http://struggle.ws/ws93/leah39.html
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In 1894 Pietro Gori escaped the repression in Italy, attending conferences & agitating in England & the US.
He returned to Italy in 1898 to defend the many defendants (including Errico Malatesta) indicted after the General Strike against the increase of bread prices on January 17-18, in Ancône. The movement continued to spread from there &, on May 7, riots occurred in Milan. The army fired on demonstrators, killing hundreds.
State repression was wild & Gori went into exile in Buenos Aires, where he founded the labor organization, FORA (Federation Obrera Regional Argentina) in 1901. He returned to Europe in 1902.
The FORA grew to 250,000 members. In 1909 it split into two organizations, FORA du IXe Congrès (reformist), & FORA du Ve Congrès (which maintained it's anarchist ideals).
In Italian, see the Pietro Gori chronology by Franco Bertolucci
& also Maurizio Binaghi, Addio, Lugano bella. Gli esuli politici nella Svizzera italiana di fine Ottocento, (Dadò editore, Locarno, 2002, 686 pp.) http://www.ps-ticino.ch/sonvico/mondo/pubblicazioni/Addio%20lugano%20bella%201.03.htm
Numerous poems (in Italian): http://www.giardinaggio.it/poesie/paginzpoesie.asp
See also http://flag.blackened.net/ksl/bullet19.htm#Pietro Gori
http://www.anares.org/theleme/nmga.htm#6
http://illuminaticonspiracy.org/files/gori.html
Anarchy Archives has a short piece on Gori & the FORA, http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/worldwidemovements/argenhis.htmlEvviva Pietro Gori e 'l su' ideale
abbasso questa immonda borghesiaDimmelo o Pietro Gori
dove sei
sono a Portoferraio a lavorareQui siamo nelle mani dei giudei
lavoro l'oro e mi pagan col rameO Pietro Gori sorti dalla tomba
che c'è l'Italia è priva d'istruzione
Tu Malatesta sonala la tromba e dai lo squillo alla rivoluzionehttp://www.cantilotta.org/canti/pag0291.htm
http://www.bfspisa.com/
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Before they can meet, however, the local section was dissolved, Cleso Cerretti is arrested.The corresponding commission instead invites the delegates to meet at Bologna. The first meeting occurred on March 15 in a factory.
On March 16, Andrea Costa, Errico Malatesta, Alcesto Faggioli, A. Negri & other delegates were arrested, but the Congress, composed of 53 delegates of representing 50 sections, managed to meet in yet another place. Represented were local federations of Naples, Florence, Ravenna, Rimini, Turin, Mirandola, Modena, Ancona, Siena, Pisa, Rome; sections of Forli, Faenza, Lugo, S. Potito, Fusignano, Fermo e circondario, Menfi, Sciacca (Sicily), Osmimo & other small localities.
http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/malatesta/nettlau/nettlauonmalatesta.html
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The suffrage campaign had been ‘militant’ (for example, smashing windows, chaining themselves to railings & holding large-scale demonstrations.
In this, the "women suffragists" are described as having temperaments of "folly & fury". The most common proper nouns used for the perpetrators of these 'outrages' are "suffragettes", "women or female suffragists" & "malignants", the last clearly inferring a low opinion of them.
The OED (1989) shows a difference in meaning between the first two terms, with the former connoting a "violent or 'militant' type", & present-day historians use the words accordingly. Although 'suffragette' had been coined in 1906, by the Daily Mail, at the beginning of 1913 the Daily Express used the words interchangeably.
However, the date May 8th 1913 marks a semantic shift caused by the rejection of the Women's Suffrage Bill the day before & the subsequent increase in suffragette violence, including an attempt to bomb St Paul's Cathedral. Here for the first time is seen the differentiation between the law-abiding 'suffragist' & the criminal 'suffragette', corresponding to an increase in violence of tone in the Daily Express. It served to marginalise the suffragettes, specifically their actions but by extension, though to a lesser degree, their argument. Subsequently, the most common name for them is "militant suffragettes".
Articles on the non-militants are few, demonstrating the nonnews- worthiness of the rejection of criminal tactics in a socio/political movement. There are several facets to the character of 'militant suffragette' as portrayed in the Daily Express. One key explanation of their criminal behaviour is insanity. For example, they are described as "crazy" & "frenzied".
http://www.shef.ac.uk/socst/Shop/clifford.pdf
http://www.tchevalier.com/fallingangels/bckgrnd/suffrage/Use your back button to return to your last page
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On January 17th, the US invokes special executive powers to send 10 million dollars of military assistance to the Salvadoran regime. The aid package includes three military "advisor" teams.
On February 7th, the rebels call for a dialogue with the U.S. government to find a way to end the violence. The Reagan administration responds, but increases military aid to the Salvadoran government.
When the guerrilla offensive runs out of steam, the rebels flee the cities. Having failed to overthrow the government, & having seen many of their civilian sympathizers liquidated by death squads, the guerrillas focus on a full-scale rural insurgency in the northern mountains.
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In 1843, Britain succeeded the Boers as the rulers of Natal, which controlled Zululand, the neighboring kingdom of the Zulu people. Boers, also known as Afrikaners, were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers who came to South Africa in the 17th century.
Zulus, a migrant people from the north, also came to southern Africa during the same century, settling around the Tugela River region. In 1838, the Boers, migrating north to elude the new British dominions in the south, first came into armed conflict with the Zulus, who were under the rule of King Dingane at the time.
The European migrants succeeded in overthrowing Dingane in 1840, replacing him with his son Mpande, who became a vassal of the new Boer republic of Natal. In 1843, the British took over Natal & Zululand. In 1872, King Mpande died & was succeeded by his son Cetshwayo, who was determined to resist European domination in his territory. In December of 1878, Cetshwayo rejected the British demand that he disband his troops, & in January of the next year, British forces invaded Zululand to suppress Cetshwayo. The British suffered grave defeats at Isandlwana, where 1,200 British soldiers were killed, & at Hlobane Mountain, but on March 29, the tide turned in favor of the British at the Battle of Khambula.
(The Royal Enfield .303 used by both sides on one another, is still in service in some parts. Rumors of a Dunkirk style evacuation of Vancouver Island to turn it into a Squirrel Preserve for the staff seadogs are, of course, denied.)
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"We ourselves believe that capital, the common
inheritance of humanity, since it is the fruit of
the collaboration of generations past and
present, must be at the disposal of all, in such a
way that no one can be excluded; & that no
one, on the other hand, can seize any part to the
detriment of the rest. We want, in a word,
equality: real equality, as a corollary or rather a
prime condition of liberty. From each according
to abilities, to each according to needs: no
prescription can prevail against claims which
are both legitimate & necessary."Published in "Le Revolte", January 20-February 3, 1883
By 1883 Kropotkin began to emerge as a major exponent of anarcho-communism, partly because of the success of "Le Revolte" & partly because of the leading role he played in the anarchist trials at Lyon. Certainly, it is likely that he was the principle author of the 'Anarchist Declaration' read out to the court.
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The Conference was jointly organised by National Alliance of People’s Movements, Bharat Jan Andolan & Kisan Sangharsh Samiti (Multai). The Multai Manifesto was adopted.
The government tried its utmost to create fear in the minds of the delegates as well as the local populace by deploying the police force in large numbers. It showed its high handedness by not allowing the construction of a martyrs’ memorial at the site of last years carnage. It also arrested 250 people wanting to pay homage to the martyrs, the procession included women, relatives of the martyrs & many national level leaders.
The Conference determined to observe 12 February as Peasants’ Rights Day to protest against the continuing anti-peasant policies of the government.
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Eight members of the group "Those Pesky Kids" (TPK) have been charged with Criminal Trespass & were bailed to appear at Bow Street Magistrates Court on the 11th Jan, after scaling the Argentine Embassy walls & dropping the red & black Anarchist flag in a gesture that was both bold & defiant!
The occupation of the embassy was in solidarity with the insurrectionary events instigated by the majority of the Argentinean population. They declare "we wholeheartedly support the dreams & desires of the peope as they reject the right of governments & corporations to rule them."
As the protesters appeared in court it was clear that one of their number who had refused bail due to the stringent & unrealistic conditions that were set, had been beaten by security guards during his time in custody. An outraged friend of the protester who was in court reported that "his face was swollen & bruised".
http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2002/01/20059.html
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[January 14] French anarchiste Hippolyte Ferré lives.
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"In the middle of January, 1886, both Louise Michel & Pouget, as well as the four of us who were still at Clairvaux, were set free..."
— Memoirs of a Revolutionist, pp485 A highly regarded writer & geographer, his reputation as an anarchist preceded him when he moved to France from England. He was in France only two months in 1882 before he was arrested & sentenced to five years in prison for his involvement in the International (which no longer existed).
1883-1886: Peter spent these three years in a French prison, despite a strong international effort to free him. prison conditions, while not good, were much better than those of the Russian prisons he had been in. Peter was allowed to see his wife, read non-political works & write on a limited basis. One of Peter's strongest supporters during this time was Elisée Reclus. Reclus supplied Peter with scientific works & worked continually to improve Peter's living conditions. Finally in January of 1886, the government decided that Peter would be less of a threat if he was out of the country. He was released under the conditions that he would leave as soon as possible.
1886: Several weeks [February? March?] after his release from prison, Peter returned to England. The time in prison had clearly taken its role on him though. He had very little energy to engage in revolutionary activities. Later in the year Peter experienced two personal hardships. First, his wife became seriously ill with typhus. She did eventually recover. Second, Peter's brother Alexander committed suicide while exiled in Siberia for a political offence. This was especially hard on Peter since they had been so close to each other. Alexander's wife came to live with Peter until she recovered from the tragedy.
When Peter found the time & energy over the next few years, he did give several lectures around England & attempted to establish an anarchist newspaper in England.
http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/kropotkin/chronology.html
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Trotsky, pretender to the throne, already had ordered his execution, & Voline escaped death only by sheer accident: In 1921 the Red Trade Union International held a Congress in Moscow, which included delegates from the massive anarcho-syndicalist organizations in Spain, France, & elsewhere. They arrived just as anarchists in the Taganka prison went on a hunger strike.
This caused a scandal at the Congress, forcing the Bolsheviks to release the hunger-strikers (on condition they leave Russia); the anarchists were the first political prisoners deported from the vaunted Red Fatherland of the Proletariat.
http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/russia/sp001861/bolintro.html
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Emma moves into new offices for the CNT-FAI, SIA (International Antifascist Solidarity), & Spain & the World in central London, but finds little enthusiasm for the SIA (International Antifascist Solidarity) venture, as numerous antifascist organizations & Spanish aid committees already exist.
Having read her article in December's Spain & the World, Vázquez & Herrera warn that frequent publicity about political persecution by the Negrín government & the Communists only undermines enthusiasm among the international proletariat for the cause of anti-fascism; Emma Goldman replies by noting widespread distrust of the Communists & concern that CNT-FAI tactics have dampened the workers' general enthusiasm for the revolution.
Emma Goldman acknowledges that Paul Robeson & his wife are distancing themselves from her as a result of their close association with the Communists. U.S. labor leader Rose Pesotta meets with Goldman in London; promises to help organize a committee to obtain a U.S. visa for her.
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The call prompts black enthusiasm too great for the government to ignore. On June 18th, less than two weeks before the march, Beloved & Respected Comrade Leader President Roosevelt invited Randolph to the White House. In the unpleasant confrontation, Randolph told Roosevelt he will abandon the march plans only if Roosevelt bars job discrimination in both the defense industry & government.
Incredulous at Randolph's obstinacy, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802 [eighty-eight oh two], the government's most significant action on behalf of African Americans since post-Civil War reconstruction.
http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/guides/african_american/bscp/bscp3.asp
http://www.pbs.org/weta/apr/
http://www.pastforward.ca/store/items/nfb22.htm
http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_012400_brotherhoodo.htmUse your back button to return to your last page
Secrétaire de l'Union des syndicats unitaires de l'Aude, il est, en mars 1922, à l'intiative d'une grève d'ouvriers agricoles. L'année suivante, il militera à la Fédération de l'Agriculture de la C.G.T.U. A partir de 1928, et jusqu'à 1937, il milite à la C.G.T- S.R (Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire), créée par Pierre Besnard.
Outre sa collaboration à la presse libertaire, il fera partie de l'association des "Amis de Han Ryner", puis de ceux de Sébastien Faure et rejoindra après-guerre le groupe "Louise Michel" de la "Fédération Anarchiste".
Source: Ephéméride anarchiste, http://ytak.club.fr/octobre4.html#olive
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Daughter of Catalan anarchists, she helped re-establish her father's paper "Revista Blanca," & founded the monthly "Novella ideal" (publishing novels of libertarian propaganda, about antimilitarism, mutual aid, free love, etc). Involved with regional committees of the CNT/FAI, during the Spanish Revolution urging participation in the Republican government. Montseny joined the new republican government with three other CNT members (a source of much bitter debate). As Minister of Health, she helped enact legalized abortion. She & her companion, Germinal Esgleas, fled into exile in France along with thousands of others with the defeat of the Republic. They continued their anarchist activities opposing Franco & twice landed in French prisons.
See Camillo Berneri's "Open letter to comrade Federica Montseny", http://struggle.ws/berneri/in_government.html
http://ytak.club.fr/novembre1.html#CNT
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Manuel Deza García is killed on January 15, 1946 in Fuenteobejuna (Cordoba) in a confrontation with three members of the Guardia Civil at the Los Canonigos farm.
The remainder of the group manages to escape.
Sources: Dictionnaire des guérilleros et resistants antifranquistas.
>http://losdelasierra.info/spip.php?mot131
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[January 15]
France:
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Exclusions 15 JANUARY 1967 Exclusion of the Garnautins (Théo Frey, Jean Garnault & Herbert Holl), French section. Because of her solidarity with the Garnautins, Édih Frey is also excluded.http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/chronology/chronology.html | [Situationist Resources] |
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or visit January 15 Daily Bleed Calendar
Bread riots had occurred in about 50 Italian towns. This was a pretext for arresting Malatesta, Smorti, Bersaglia, Panficchi, Briocchi & others of L'agitazione, who were tried as a "criminal" association (Art. 248). Many young comrades, principally students, hurried to Ancona, among them Nino Samaia & Luigi Fabbri, & edited the paper in their absence.
The trial took place in April, 1898. 3,000 anarchists signed a declaration confessing to be quietly of the same "crime," that of being "criminals," malfattori, in the sense of the Art. 248. Public indignation was roused & the tribunal did not dare to apply the Art. 248 & pronounced sentences of six or seven months' prison for forming part not of a "criminal" but of a "seditious" or, "subversive" society. The higher courts confirmed this judgment.
http://struggle.ws/ws/errico48.html
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The government subdues the insurrection within the week & over 100 militants, including the anarchists Francisco Ascaso & Buenaventura Durruti, are sent to the Rio de Oro prison colony in Africa.
The Republic had recently been proclaimed, but the hopes of the Spanish people were quickly dashed. Several times, there were open revolts against the State, with numerous attempts to immediately establish libertarian communism.
Libertarian communism is proclaimed in the Alto Llobregat region, with the intervention of the armed forces. There are mass arrests & 125 anarchists, among them Francisco Ascaso & Buenaventura Durruti are deported & shipped to Guinea & Fuerteventura.
This began with the rising in Fijols in Catalonia, which was repressed. The socialist Republican government shipped 120 Catalan anarchists to Africa, where several died of fever contracted there.
Released, Durruti, Ascaso & Garcia Oliver form a revolutionary committee that coordinates the uprising of 1933. It was particularly sound in Catalunya, Levante & Andalucia, & significant as a response to the slaughter at Casa Viejas (Cadiz), where the civil guard assasinated several peasants. This event provoked a serious government crisis & President Azana, considered responsible for his infamous declaration, "neither wounded nor prisoners, shoot at their bellies".
Months later, Durruti & Ascaso who were in hiding were arrested. They tried to apply the vagrancy laws against them. This enraged Durruti:
"There isn't a judge that has the right to convict worker Durruti as a vagrant."
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England: Emma Goldman speaks on "The Spanish Revolution & the CNT-FAI" at a large meeting chaired by novelist Ethel Mannin in London.
Emma begins organizing a publicity campaign about the Spanish Revolution, including planning mass meetings in London & the provinces, but is hampered by poor communication with, & a lack of urgency among key anarchist leaders in Barcelona.
Aside from the London anarchists, she finds allies among leading members of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), including Fenner Brockway & especially novelist Ethel Mannin, who becomes a close friend.
The first fruit of this alliance is Emma Goldman's joining forces with a broad English coalition sympathetic to the Republican cause to mount an exhibition in February of photographs, cartoons, posters, & pamphlets from Spain.
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In 1892, Etievant received a 5-year sentence for supplying Ravachol with dynamite, & also another 5-year prison sentence for a series of articles he published in "Le libertaire".
Condemned to die June 15, 1898, his sentence was commuted to life. He died a few years later in the penal colony in Guyana.
'Par le fait même de sa naissance, chaque être a le droit de vivre et d'être heureux. Ce droit d'aller, de venir librement dans l'espace, le sol sous les pieds, le ciel sur la tête, et le soleil dans les yeux, l'air dans la poitrine, — ce droit primordial, antérieur à tous les autres droits, imprescriptible et naturel, — on le conteste à des millions d'êtres humains."
— In "Déclaration d'Etievant au tribunal" Use your back button to return to your last page
Held in Rimini, August 4-6, 1872, the conference gave birth to the Anarchist Federation Italian (FAI).
Andrea Costa also participated in the Swiss Congress of Saint Imier, September 15-16, 1872, but by 1879 gave up on anarchism. In 1881 he founded the paper "Avanti," then joined the revolutionary socialist party, which upheld the federative principle of the anarchists.
Costa became Italy's socialist deputy in 1892. His parliamentarism was bitterly felt by the internationalists.
Galassi, Nazario. Vita di Andrea Costa. (Milano: Feltrinelli,1989). 653p.
- Lipparini, Lilla. Andrea Costa rivoluzionario (Longanesi).
Chapter 5, "Die italienische Internationale von 1877 bis 1881 und der Abfall von Andrea Costa, 1879," in Max Nettlau, Geschichte der Anarchie (Volume 3: Anarchisten und Sozialrevolutionäre Die historische Entwicklung des Anarchismus in den Jahren 1880-1886).http://www.anares.org/theleme/
http://ytak.club.fr/janvier3.html#19Use your back button to return to your last page
The plantation owners try to break the strike by hiring Hawaiian, Portuguese & Korean, & by creating distrust between the Filipino & Japanese unions. Planters also evict strikers, forcing them to find shelters in empty Honolulu lots. Crowded into encampments during the height of an influenza epidemic, thousands fall ill, & 150 die. Under these conditions, the unions call off the strike in July.
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Reclus went into hiding then joined his family in Switzerland with the crushing of the Paris Commune in 1871. He returned to Paris in 1877 & became an engineer in 1880. A proponent of "propaganda by the deed", he was charged in the "Lawsuit of the 30" & took refuge in London, living in a small anarchist community. In 1895, he moved to Scotland, working as a cartographer, then as a professor. In 1903, at the request of Elisee Reclus, he moved to Belgium to help him with L'Homme et la Terre."
Allowed to re-enter to France in 1914, Paul Reclus was a signatory to the "Manifesto of the 16" (favoring participation in the allied war effort during WWI).
After the war he devoted himself to scientific work. In 1925, he joined with Dr. Marc Pierrot in producing the anarchist newspaper "Plus loin." In 1937, he was involved with "Secours International Antifasciste" (SIA).
He died at the ripe young age of 82.
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In an attempt to demoralize American listeners by making them homesick, Radio Tokyo broadcast dance music & nostalgic reminiscences about everyday American life. The radio programs were extremely popular with U.S. servicemen located in remote areas of the Pacific, although there is little evidence that the broadcasts had any negative effect. Among several English-speaking female announcers at Tokyo Radio, D'Aquino was the favorite of U.S. troops, who fondly referred to her as "Tokyo Rose."
During her subsequent trial, she maintained that she was visiting a sick aunt in Japan at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, & thus had not been able to return to the US. Looking for a way to support herself in wartime Japan, she went to work for the state radio network as a secretary, & was later coerced into her position as an announcer.
On a tour of the White House she stumbled in front of Jerry & blurted "Pardon me." The Prez turns to an aide & says "Add her to the list, nobody will notice, it's my last day."
http://weeklywire.com/ww/01-20-98/chicago_cover.html
http://members.tripod.com/~sushirock/Use your back button to return to your last page
The Korean Anarchist Federation in China was formed in April 1924. Over 2 millon Koreans were living in Manchuria, & the Korean anarchists were active & influential among them.
By 1928 the spread of libertarian politics allowed the Korean Anarchists to organise the Eastern Anarchist Federation with comrades from China, Vietnam, Taiwan & Japan — which published a bulletin, Dong-Bang (The East).
From late 1930 on, the Japanese were attacking in waves from the South, & the Stalinists, supported by the USSR, from the North. As the anarchists grew in numbers & support the Stalinists & the pro-Japanese elements in Manchuria felt their own power bases threatened. In early 1931 the Stalinists sent assassination & kidnapping teams into the anarchist zone to murder leading activists, figuring that if they wiped out the KAFM the KAPM would wither & die.
By the summer of 1931 many leading anarchists were dead & the war on two fronts was devastating the region.
See Ha Ki-Rak's A History of the Korean Anarchist Movement (Korean Anarchist Federation, 1986). Unfortunately it is chronologically confusing.
http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/worldwidemovements/koreahis.html
The text of a talk presented by Alan MacSimoin provides some context,
http://struggle.ws/talks/korea.html
Korean Anarchist Network, http://anarclan.net/Use your back button to return to your last page
SITUATIONIST INTERNATIONAL ART ANARCH
France: No More Flat Feet, XXXXXX
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Onxxxx, see Greil XXXXXXXus, Lipst XXXX XXX. November 1967
France: Potlatch #29, information bulletin of the Lettrist International, issued in Paris.
http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/chronology/chronology.html | [Situationist Resources] no exact date: [Exact day not given —ed.] November 1952"Exclusion" of Isidore Isou, Maurice Lemaitre & Gabriel Pomerand for publicly disassociating themselves from the Chaplin scandal.November 196312 Exclusion of Peter Laugesen, Scandinavian section.Nov 1967 30
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"Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, & some few to be chewed & digested."
— Francis Bacon
Renaissance Englishman Sir Francis Bacon's Essays (1597) mark him as a master of English prose.
He died in 1626, a victim of scientific inquiry. Since he observed that cold foods lasted longer, he tried stuffing some dressed chickens with snow to see if that would retard spoilage.
He caught a death of cold stuffing the white stuff in the hens.
( Cited, Daily Bleed, January 22, 1561 )
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Byron was born at his father's rooms on Halles Street in London's fashionable Mayfair section. His mother had ridden at Captain Byron's insistence from Aberdeen so that his son could be born on English soil.
The poet's mother said that this prenatal coach ride accounted for her son's malformed leg. Another theory is that as a prudish Scottish lady she demanded that the attending physician use what was called a birthing tent, a black sheet that preserved the woman's modesty but made the doctor literally work in the dark.
The nature of Byron's physical impairment has always been mysterious, because prosthetic devices for both legs were found after his death, none of them indicating malformation. So what probably happened is that deprivation of oxygen in those critical early moments led to motor dysfunction.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/byron.htm
(Cited, Daily Bleed, January 22, 1788)
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Picabia was one of the painters show in the infamous Armory Show (1913). He was a major force in the Dadaist movement in the 1920s. In the 1940s he abandoned expressionist & abstract art & returned to representational art.
Let us never forget that the greatest man is never more than an animal disguised as a god.
http://www.websign.sk/da/Dada_2.html
"La plus belle invention de l'homme est le bicarbonate de soude"— Francis Picabia ( Cited, Daily Bleed, January 22, 1879)
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1905 -- [January 22] Russia: Bloody Sunday, massacre of demonstrators in St. Petersburg: government troops open fire on 100,000 workers, women & children, who came to petition the Tzar for improved working & living conditions. Leaves more than 1,000 demonstrators dead & 3,000 wounded. It is the beginning of the first Russian revolution. Tom
[Details / context]
